1. The United States After WWII: The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

3. U.S. Focus After WWII Containment Policy Containment Policy Help smaller countries resist Soviet/Communist advances Help smaller countries resist Soviet/Communist advances Stop spread of Communism Stop spread of Communism “Contain” Communism to just Soviet Union “Contain” Communism to just Soviet Union Ex: Sending money, arms, and even soldiers Ex: Sending money, arms, and even soldiers

4. The Truman Doctrine Give strength to anti- communist parties Give strength to anti- communist parties Many US citizens: did not want US to continue to fight Many US citizens: did not want US to continue to fight Congress approves $400 million in aid Congress approves $400 million in aid

5. Post WWII: Poverty spread throughout world Post WWII: Poverty spread throughout world Many Western European cities Many Western European cities Shambles Shambles Shortages Shortages Food Food Jobs Jobs Poverty US decided To help

6. The Marshall Plan, 1948 General George Marshall, American Secretary of State Europe owed US $11.5 billion Help Europe (mostly West) without shelter, jobs and food Provide food and machinery 16 countries, $12.5 billion Only to non-Communist countries

7. Aims of the Marshall Plan Stop spread of Communism Stop spread of Communism Help European economies recover Help European economies recover Provide market for American goods Provide market for American goods Jo Spier (1900-1978) Dutch, Jewish artist and writer imprisoned in a German concentration camp emigrated to the U.S. in 1951.

8. Yugoslavia Only Eastern European country to accept aid *Offered to U.S.S.R., rejected*

9. Effects of Marshall Plan Great success Great success Europe Europe 41% higher industrial production 41% higher industrial production Increase exports Increase exports U.S. U.S. Farms/factories raise production Farms/factories raise production W. Europeans: consume American exports W. Europeans: consume American exports US economy continued wartime boom US economy continued wartime boom

11. U.S.S.R. and the Marshall Plan Stalin banned Marshall Aid Stalin banned Marshall Aid USSR USSR Satellite states Satellite states Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia considered plan considered plan Fixed elections/foreign minister killed Fixed elections/foreign minister killed Yugoslavian President Tito expelled Yugoslavian President Tito expelled Communist Info Bureau (Warsaw, 1947) Communist Info Bureau (Warsaw, 1947) protect communist states from US ‘aggression’

12. What is the message that the artist is trying to send? What is the message that the artist is trying to send?

14. Results US Blame Very Anti-Communist Very Anti-Communist Truman Truman Support anti groups Support anti groups Develop A-bomb Develop A-bomb Iron curtain speech Iron curtain speech Truman Doctrine & Marshall Aid Truman Doctrine & Marshall Aid U.S.S.R. Blame History Pact with Hitler Expansion in E. Europe Develop own nuclear weapons Reject Marshall Aid Cominform U.S.S.R. and US relations weaken, brings on Cold War