1. Case Study: Submarine Crashes into Uncharted Seamount Relevant GISCI Rule of Conduct Section I, Number 5: “We shall not knowingly perpetuate bad or outdated data. We shall include all disclaimers (where applicable) about the current condition of the data at the time of creation and/or the original intent of the data.”

2. USS San Francisco crashed into 2-km tall uncharted seamount Los Angeles class nuclear submarine ran aground enroute from Guam to Brisbane, Australia - 8 January, 2005 One sailor killed, 115 injured 30-hour trip back to Guam, crew managed to keep the sub from sinking Courtesy of Dave Sandwell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

3. exact crash site Courtesy of Dave Sandwell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

5. Case Study: Caribou Migration Routes Relevant GISCI Rule of Conduct Section I, Number 12: “We, speaking in our professional capacity, shall not knowingly make false statements of material fact, nor shall we omit material facts.”

6. (from Yildirim et al., 2007)

7. (Porcupine Caribou Management Board of the Canadian Yukon, 2002)