1. 600-1450

2. King Harsha Ruled 606-648 Buddhist Unable to centralize rule Generous leader Was assassinated without an heir

3. Islam in India Military expedition defeated Sind in 711 Most of the population remained Hindu or Buddhist Arab administration was fighting so natives took over, but area was slightly under Abbasid control until 1258

4. Islam in India Merchants brought the religion to coastal areas Intermarried with locals Gujarat had a large Muslim population

5. Islam in India Turkish invaders Mahmud Ghazni led Turks in Afghanistan Led 17 invasions into India from 1001 to 1027 Wanted goods, not political power Destroyed Buddhist and Hindu shrines Helped push Buddhism out Built Islamic shrines instead

6. Delhi Sultanate Established by Mahmud’s successors Establish capital at Delhi Controlled most of Northern India from 1206-1526 Did major irrigation projects Established centralization

8. Hindu Kingdoms in Southern India Chola Kingdom 850 to 1267 Navy dominated South China Sea to Arabian Sea Allowed local rule as long as they got their taxes on time Revolts led to the end

10. Hindu Kingdoms in Southern India Vijayanagar “ city of victory” Officials in Delhi sent two guys to go try to control the region The two guys renounced Islam and set up their own kingdom in 1336 Was the dominate kingdom until Mughul conquest in 1565

12. Population Growth in India 600: 53 million 800: 64 million (20% increase) 1000: 79 million (25% increase) 1500: 105 million Concentration of population in cities led to urbanization, especially at port cities Cambay, Surat, Calicut, Quilon all had populations over 100,000

13. Jewish Traders Religion and ethnicity created a common bond amongst traders in the eastern hemisphere Linked Europe and China during 8 th -9 th centuries B/c of Diaspora, Jewish communities developed along the Silk Road Routes Cities where they settled: Baghdad, Calicut, Cochin, Kaifeng, and Cairo

14. Muslim Traders Religion and ethnicity also created bonds Dominated Indian Ocean routes Latten sails helped them trade from Mesopotamia to China in two years b/c Islam was spread by trade rather than conquest, many converted

15. South Pacific (Oceania) Austonesian-speaking people Migrated from South China and SE Asia to Taiwan, Philippines, and eastern Indonesia Those that stayed on these islands became known as “Melanesians” those who kept migrating were called “Polynesians”

16. Polynesians Sailed in single and double canoes 100 to 150 feet long Could carry people, food, and live animals Got to Hawaii (400 ce), Easter Island (400 ce) & New Zealand (750 ce) Despite island settlements Polynesians share tools, names of plants, terms of kinship, and artistic styles

17. Malay Sailors Developed the junk cargo ship & traded in South China Sea 2-4 masts Two rudders 400 to 500 tons capacity Balance-lug sails Become lateen sails Learned the patterns of monsoon winds Traveled the Indian Ocean and established settlements in Madagascar Traded bananas

18. Pax Mongolica Trade Allowed for the reopening of the Silk Road Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo