1. Looking Inside Cells

2. Enter the Cell  Key Concept: A cell wall is a stiff layer that helps to protect and support a plant cell.  Animal cells do NOT have cell walls.  Many materials like oxygen and water can pass through the cell wall.

4. Organelles in the Cytoplasm  Key Concept: In the cytoplasm there are many organelles that have a specific function.  Animals CellPlant Cell

5. CYTOPLASM  Cytoplasm - gel-like fluid  Jell-o, hair gel  Can you think of others?

6.  Key Concept: The cell membrane controls what substances go into and out of a cell.  For a cell to live, the cell membrane must let material pass in and out of the cell.

7. CELL WALL VS. CELL MEMBRANE  The cell wall is only found in the plant  The cell membrane is found in the cell wall and the cell membrane  Cell wall is like a wall of a house it is strong! The cell wall is made of CELLULOSE….REMEMBER THAT!  The cell membrane is like a screen: it allows some materials in and keeps others out.

8. Sail on to the Nucleus  Key Concept: The nucleus is the control center of the cell and directs all of the cell’s activities.  The nucleus is protected by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.  The nucleus holds genetic information. Genetic information controls what the cell does.

9. WHERE IS THE NUCLEUS?

10. What is the genetic information?  The genetic information inside the nucleus is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

11. Nuclear Envelope  Why do you think DNA has to be protected by the nuclear envelope?

12. Nuclear Envelope  The nuclear envelope has holes called pores that allows necessary molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

13. ENDOPLSAMIC RETICULUM  Endoplasmic Reticulum - Interconnected network of thin folded membranes that form a maze. It aids in the important production of proteins and lipids (necessary fats)

14. RIBOSOMES  Ribosomes - protein factory  Factory – they link together amino acids, which in turn make up proteins  Why are proteins important?

15. GOLGI Apparatus  Golgi apparatus- process, sort, and deliver the proteins to where they need to go.  Post Office, UPS

16. GOLGI Apparatus  Golgi apparatus-  Some proteins are stored for later use  Some are transported to other organelles within the cell  Some are carried to the membrane  Some are carried outside the cell

17. Vesicles  Vesicles – Isolate and transport molecules  Vesicles are small sacks that divide materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and take things from place to place  Cells sometimes need to isolate (separate) different chemicals until they are ready to be used

18. Proteins Made ER makes a vesicle around the protein Protein transported to Golgi App. Golgi makes modifications Put into a new vesicle Held, Transp., or Secreted

19. MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION  Mitochondria - power house  It supplies energy to the cell  Battery, solar panel  Can you think of others?

20. MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION  Mitochondria - Also has its own separate DNA and their own ribosomes

21. VACUOLES  Vacuoles - Fluid filled sac used for storage by the cell.  Plant cell: one large vacuole. Like a swimming pool  Animal cell: many small ones like cupboards.

22. LYSOSOMES  Lysosomes - rids the cell of waste. (Like a garbage disposal.)  They contain enzymes and defend the cell from invading bacteria and viruses.  Lysosomes are mostly found in animal cells  Lysosomes also recyle foreign or worn out parts

23. Centrioles  Cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle  Appear to help DNA divide during cell division

24. Plant cells… Cell Walls and CHLOROPLASTS  Chloroplasts - capture sunlight for energy to make food. (only in PLANTS)  Like a solar panel  Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis  The outer cell wall supports, and gives protection to the cell

25. Chloroplasts  Chloroplasts also have pigment (color)  Only the chloroplasts that have chlorophyll can carry out photosynthesis  The rate of photosynthesis increases as the number of chloroplasts with chlorophyll increases  That means: it happens faster

27. http://www.clearbiology.com/water-molecule-worksheet/

28. Cell Diversity  Key Concept: The variety of structure in cells reflects differences in cell function.  Cells come in many shapes. The different shapes help them to do different jobs.  Some cells have organelles that others do not. Give me examples and write them down.