1. The Structure of Blood

2. Microscopic Views Bird Blood Cat Blood Dog Blood Fish Blood Frog Blood Snake Blood Human Blood Horse Blood

3. Genetics of Blood Types Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. Each blood group is characterized by the presence or absence of particular protein markers. The four blood groups are a product of the different combinations of these protein markers.

4. What are blood types? There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: A, B, and O. Since we have 2 genes, there are 6 possible combinations.

5. What are blood type proteins? The blood type genes for each person make two important proteins. 1.The agglutinogen proteins on the surface of the red blood cell. 2.The plasma antibody proteins which are found dissolved in the plasma. A person with Type A blood has “A” agglutinogen proteins on their red blood cells and “B” antibodies in their plasma.

6. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm

7. A second factor that determines blood compatibility is a protein called rheusus (Rh) factor. The Rh factor is another red blood cell surface protein that can also cause reactions if not correctly matched although the reactions are generally milder and less likely to be fatal. The Rh factor may be present (Rh +) or absent (Rh -). Rh Factor A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O-

8. How common is your blood type? 46.1% 38.8% 11.1% 3.9%

9. Blood Transfusions A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Often, just one part of blood is transfused, for example only red blood cells. Who can give you blood? People with TYPE O - blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. People with TYPE AB + blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. Rh +  Can receive Rh + or Rh - blood Rh -  Can only receive Rh - blood Universal Donor Universal Recipient

10. Mixing the same type of agglutination proteins and plasma proteins causes red blood cells to break and clump. Blood Transfusions – Incompatibility

11. Preserving blood volume is crucial to life. The body must have a process to stop blood flow when there is a cut. The clotting process involves a few of the many other proteins dissolved in blood. Blood Clotting

12. Blood Clotting Process Steps: 1.Substances released by injured vessels attract platelets. 2.Platelets collect, rupture and release substances that combine with other plasma elements to make thromboplastin. 3.Thromoboplastin in the presence of calcium will react with another plasma protein called fibrinogen to make fibrin. 4.Fibrin is insoluble, covers the injury and makes a clot.