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4. The Behavioral-Science Approach Behaviorism: Follett, Munsterberg, and Mayo The Human Side: Hawthorne Managerial Assumption: McGregor Productivity: Argyris Behavioral Perspectives Organizational Theory > Behavioral Perspectives Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/management?campaign_content=book_258_section_30&campaign_term=Management&utm_campaign=powerpoint&u tm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

6. Key terms double-loop learning A theory in which an organization or individual questions the values, assumptions, and policies that led to a given situation. Hawthorne studies A series of investigations conducted in the 1920s emphasizing the socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations. Industrial Psychology A field focusing on topics such as hiring workers with personalities and mental abilities best suited to certain types of vocations. learning organization A company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. organizational development An ongoing, systematic process of implementing effective organizational change using theories from behavioral sciences. single-loop learning A theory that says individuals, groups, or organizations modify their actions according to the difference between expected and obtained outcomes. Theory X Suggests that employees are inherently lazy and irresponsible and will tend to avoid work unless closely supervised and given incentives; contrasted with Theory Y. Theory Y Postulates that employees are capable of being ambitious and self-motivated under suitable conditions; contrasted with Theory X. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory

7. Hugo Munsterberg Munsterberg is considered the father of industrial/organizational psychology. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Hugo_M%25C3%25BCnsterberg_Psychologe.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Hugo_M%25C3%25BCnsterberg_Psychologe.jpgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

8. Mary Parker Follett Mary Parker Follett defined management as "the art of getting things done through people." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mary_Parker_Follett_%25281868-1933%2529.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mary_Parker_Follett_%25281868-1933%2529.jpgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

9. Single- and double-loop learning Argyris wrote about the theories of single- and double-loop learning, which determine how people make decisions in difficult situations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Single-closed-loop version of the square knot of practical knot-tying.." CC BY http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Math-square-knot- 6crossings.svg View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Math-square-knot- 6crossings.svgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

10. Western Electric Company, the location of the Hawthorne studies This is where the studies where conducted—a factory outside of Chicago. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com WikiPedia. "Hawthorne Works Electric Company." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hawthorne_Works_aerial_view_ca_1920_pg_2.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hawthorne_Works_aerial_view_ca_1920_pg_2.jpgView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

11. Organization triangle This illustration demonstrates the way in which individuals and culture behaves in the context of the process and structure to develop organizations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com WikiPedia. "Organization Triangle." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Organization_Triangle.png View on Boundless.comCC BY-SA 3.0http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Organization_Triangle.pngView on Boundless.com Organizational Theory

12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Which of the following two approaches best define the behavioral science approach? A) Identifying central needs and pragmatically pursuing profit B) Human reactions to various stimuli and assessing relational motivators C) Underlining authority structures and outlining delegation strategies D) Maximizing employee motivation and applying strategic recommendations

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Which of the following two approaches best define the behavioral science approach? A) Identifying central needs and pragmatically pursuing profit B) Human reactions to various stimuli and assessing relational motivators C) Underlining authority structures and outlining delegation strategies D) Maximizing employee motivation and applying strategic recommendations

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Which of the three organizational theory pioneers is best known for conducting the Hawthorne study? A) Munsterberg B) Follett C) Maslow D) Mayo

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Which of the three organizational theory pioneers is best known for conducting the Hawthorne study? A) Munsterberg B) Follett C) Maslow D) Mayo

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory The basic premise behind the Hawthorne studies could best be summarized as which of the following? A) Identifying the ideal metrics and ratios for numeric analysis B) Assessing the influence of varying environmental conditions C) Applying different classical views to a research context D) Observing managerial personalities and the relative efficacy of different personas

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory The basic premise behind the Hawthorne studies could best be summarized as which of the following? A) Identifying the ideal metrics and ratios for numeric analysis B) Assessing the influence of varying environmental conditions C) Applying different classical views to a research context D) Observing managerial personalities and the relative efficacy of different personas

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Under Theory X, the primary managerial tendency revolves around which of the following? A) Delegation B) Behavioral assumptions C) Incentives D) Micro-management

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Under Theory X, the primary managerial tendency revolves around which of the following? A) Delegation B) Behavioral assumptions C) Incentives D) Micro-management

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory Which of the following best describes the approaches employed by those pursuing double-loop learning? A) Values, assumptions and policies dictating an action or situation B) Direct outcomes and stimuli of a situation C) The individuals, organization and groups that make up an organization D) The historic data and metrics that define an organization's past success

21. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Organizational Theory Which of the following best describes the approaches employed by those pursuing double-loop learning? A) Values, assumptions and policies dictating an action or situation B) Direct outcomes and stimuli of a situation C) The individuals, organization and groups that make up an organization D) The historic data and metrics that define an organization's past success

22. Attribution Wikipedia. "Industrial Psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20PsychologyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20Psychology Wikipedia. "Elton Mayo." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_MayoCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_Mayo Wikipedia. "Mary Parker Follett." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Parker_FollettCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Parker_Follett Wikipedia. "Hugo Münsterberg." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_M%25C3%25BCnsterbergCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_M%25C3%25BCnsterberg Wikipedia. "Double loop learning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_loop_learningCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_loop_learning Wikipedia. "Organizational learning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_learningCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_learning Wikipedia. "Chris Argyris." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_ArgyrisCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Argyris Wikipedia. "Chris Argyris." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_ArgyrisCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Argyris Wikipedia. "Learning organization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_organizationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_organization Wikipedia. "Single loop learning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20loop%20learningCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20loop%20learning Wikipedia. "Double loop learning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20loop%20learningCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20loop%20learning Wikipedia. "Theory X and theory Y." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_YCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y Wikipedia. "Douglas McGregor." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McGregorCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McGregor Wikipedia. "Theory X and theory Y." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_YCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y Wiktionary. "Theory Y." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theory+YCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theory+Y Wiktionary. "Theory X." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theory+XCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theory+X Wikipedia. "Elton Mayo." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_MayoCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_Mayo Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory

23. Wikipedia. "Hawthorne effect." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effectCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect Wikipedia. "Hawthorne studies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne%20studiesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne%20studies Wikipedia. "Behavioural sciences." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_sciencesCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_sciences Wikipedia. "Organizational theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory#Neoclassical_PerspectiveCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory#Neoclassical_Perspective Wikipedia. "Organization development." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_developmentCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_development Wikipedia. "organizational development." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organizational%20developmentCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organizational%20development WikiPedia. "Organization Triangle." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Organization_Triangle.pngCC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Organization_Triangle.png Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Organizational Theory