1. Acids and Bases By Abdul Musawwir Class 2Q

2. NaCl NaOH A Salt A Base The base is under a salt!! Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

3. What are Acids?  Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H + ) in water.  Turns blue litmus red.  Have a sour taste Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

4. HCl H+H+ Cl - What are Acids? Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

5. Strong and Weak acids  Strong acids completely ionises in water  Weak acids partially ionises in water Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

6. HCl H+H+ Cl - Strong Acids Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

7. CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO - Weak Acids H+H+ Ethanoic acid is a weak acid Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

8. Strong diluted acid Weak diluted acid Strong concentrated acidWeak concentrated acid H+H+ CH 3 COO - H+H+ CH 3 COOH H+H+ Cl - H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

9. What are Bases & Alkalis?  Bases are hydroxides (OH - ) of metals  Alkalis produces hydroxide ions in water.  Alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis Bases Alkalis Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

10. NaOH OH - Na Acids & Bases Alkalis dissolve in water CuSO 4 Bases do not dissolve in water Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

11. Strong and Weak alkalis  Strong alkalis completely ionises in water  Example: NaOH water Na + + OH -  Weak alkalis partially ionises in water  Example: NH 3 + H 2 O water NH 4 + + OH - Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

12.  Reduces the acidity or alkalinity of a strong acid or alkali  Produces a salt and a water.  Example: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2 O Neutralisation Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir AcidBaseSaltWater

13.  Brønsted acids are acids which donate a proton to the base.  Brønsted bases are bases which receive a proton from the acid.  Conjugate acids are bases that has receive an electron  Conjugate bases are acids that has donated an electron. Brønsted Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

14. Hydroxide (Conjugate Base) Water (Br østeid Acid) Ammonia (Br ønsteid Base) Ammonium (Conjugate Acid) Brønsted Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

15. Lewis Theory  States that electrons are transferred instead of protons. Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

16. Lewis Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Hydroxide Water Sodium ions Chloride ions

17. Lewis Theory Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

18. Application of Neutalisation  To treat insect stings  To treat indigestion  Control pH of soil  In toothpaste Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir

19. Cos the base is under a salt! Copyright © 2011 | Abdul Musawwir