1. Chapter 7

2. Cell Discover & Theory What made the discovery of the cell possible?

3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek –Dutch scientist (1675) –Used a microscope to view living creatures from pond water.

4. Mattias Schleiden –German botanist (1838) –Proposed that all plants are made up of cells Theodore Schwann –German zoologist (1839) –Stated that all animals are made up of cells

5. Rudolph Virchow –German physician (1858) –Determined that cells come only from other cells and must be like the original cell.

6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up on one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from existing cells.

7. Cell Organelles ORGANELLE NAME DESCRIPTIONPICTURE

8. Cell Wall In plants & fungi ONLY Composed of cellulose Used for support and protection Acts as a skeleton for plants

9. Cell (Plasma) Membrane Controls what moves in and out of the cell, –Selectively permeable membrane – only allows selected substances to move in & out –Structure is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules with proteins embedded in the layers. Proteins can act as channels for molecules to move through membrane & allow communication with environment.

10. Cytoplasm Clear, thick suspension made up mostly of water, like a nutrient broth Used to suspend the organelles

11. Nucleus Control center of the cell Directs cell activities Houses DNA & RNA Membrane - nuclear envelop nucleolus Nuclear envelope

12. Vacuole Large Central Vacuole in plant cells ONLY Storage unit for food, water, and waste.

13. Vesicle Transports substances in cells, like a delivery truck

14. Lysosomes Contain enzymes that digest & recycle a cell’s used parts; a garbage disposal

15. Cytoskeleton Microscopic fibers (microfilaments & microtubules) used for support & structure, the internal skeleton of the cell

16. Ribosomes Protein factories of the cell Makes proteins

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A transportation system: internal membranes that move protein & other substances through the cell, –Rough ER: ribosomes attached –Smooth ER: no ribosomes

18. Golgi Apparatus Packaging & distribution center of the cell, like the Post Office

19. Chloroplast In plants ONLY Green structure that stores energy from the sun in sugar molecules. Converts CO 2 and H 2 O into sugar and O 2 Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

20. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Converts energy from organic compounds to ATP

21. Centrosome/Centrioles In animal cells ONLY Used in cell reproduction, builds microtubules Form a complex called the centrosome,