2.  Walls of alveoli are destroyed = poor gas exchange  Most common cause = smoking  S&S= ◦ Dyspnea ◦ Chronic cough ◦ Rapid R rate  Tx = ◦ Bronchodilators ◦ Oxygen

3.  Air flow is obstructed by emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis  3 rd leading cause of death in US  Major cause = smoking  Air flow extremely restricted  S&S- Excessive mucus, cough, SOB, Barrel chest

4.  Bacterial infection - Spread by tiny droplets when pt. speaks, coughs, or sneezes  S&S ◦ Chronic cough, chest pain, wt. loss, fatigue, night sweats, fever, loss of appetite  Tx ◦ Antibiotics (6 months – 1 year)

5.  2 nd leading cause of cancer in US  Main cause = Smoking/ 2 nd hand smoking  S&S ◦ Chronic cough ◦ Weight loss ◦ Fatigue ◦ Dyspnea  Tx ◦ Lobectomy ◦ Chemotherapy/radiation