1. Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA): Rationale, Design, First Results, Status & Plans Mike McPhaden NOAA/PMEL Seattle, Washington, USA Fifth Capacity Building Workshop Bali, Indonesia 9 October 2009

2. Rationale and Design Fifth Capacity Building Workshop Bali, Indonesia 9 October 2009

3. The Monsoons One third of the world’s population depends on monsoon rainfall

4. Indian Ocean Science Drivers  Seasonal monsoons  Severe weather events & cyclones  Intraseasonal (30-60 day) Madden Julian Oscillation (affects ENSO, US weather, hurricanes)  Interannual variations: the Indian Ocean Dipole  Decadal variability and warming trends (affect NAO & North American temperature and precipitation)  Ocean circulation & biogeochemistry Indian Ocean is the most poorly sampled region of the tropics Nargis MJO Trends Indian Ocean Dipole

5. 1999  2009 McPhaden, M.J., K. Ando, B. Bourles, R. Lumpkin, Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty P. Nobre,, M. Ravichandran, J. Vialard, and W. Yu, 2009: The global tropical moored buoy array. Proc. OceanObs09 Conference, Venice, Italy, 22-26 Sept 2009, in press.

6. IndOOS Developed by the CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel in 2004 117 as of Nov 08 441 as of Nov 08

7. RAMA RAMA: Ancient king of India and hero of the epic “Ramayana”.

8. ATLAS Surface Moorings Rapid sampling in time to resolve rather than alias high frequencies Multi-variate (ocean, atmosphere, biogeochemical) Fixed grid array so time and space are not mixed Real-time data transmission (Service Argos & Global Telecommunications System) ATLAS

9. BAMS cover McPhaden, M.J., G. Meyers, K. Ando,Y. Masumoto, V.S.N. Murty, M. Ravichandran, F. Syamsudin, J. Vialard, L. Yu, and W. Yu, 2009: RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 459- 480. “A new moored buoy array in the historically data sparse Indian Ocean provides measurements to advance monsoon research and forecasting.”

10. RAMA: Present Status 52% of sites occupied at present (24 of 46) Resource Formula: NOAA provides most equipment Regional partners provide ship time ORV Sagar Kanya deploys ATLAS mooring

11. First Results Fifth Capacity Building Workshop Bali, Indonesia 9 October 2009

12. Indian Ocean Dipole, 2006 Neutral=±0.5°C

13. Comparison of Oct-Nov 2004 & 2006

14. TMI/AMSR SST 2 May 2008 Apr 24 Cyclone Nargis Apr 28 May 2

15. TMI/AMSR SST 2 May 2008 Apr 24 Cyclone Nargis Apr 28 May 2 Real-time data (~8/day)

16. TMI/AMSR SST 2 May 2008 Apr 24 Cyclone Nargis Apr 28 May 2 Temperature (°C) Mixed Layer Depth

17. Plans Fifth Capacity Building Workshop Bali, Indonesia 9 October 2009

18. RAMA Cruises Oct 2008-Sept 2009 7 cruises 5 ships 4 nations

19. RAMA Cruises Oct 2009-Sept 2010 7 cruises 5 ships 4 nations

20. Sea Days & Person-Days at Sea: 2008-09 Actual & 2009-10 Planned Sea Days Person-Days PMEL Oct 08-Sept 09: 138 238 Oct 09-Sept 10: 229 346

21. RAMA Growth

22. Planned Biogeochemical Measurements: A SIBER-RAMA Initiative Monthly Seawifs Chl-a Concentrations (Solid Dots are RAMA Flux Reference Sites) SIBER=Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Research Program Objectives: A)To provide data for defining biogeochemical variability in key regions of the Indian Ocean and for understanding the physical, biological and chemical processes that govern it; B)To provide data for developing models of ocean-atmosphere- biosphere interactions; C)To provide baseline data for assessing the impacts of climate change on ocean uptake of CO 2 and primary productivity in the ocean. Key Measurements: CO 2, pH, Fluorescence, Particle Backscatter, O 2 Target Locations: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Equator, Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge

23. Planned Biogeochemical Measurements: A SIBER-RAMA Initiative Monthly Seawifs Chl-a Concentrations (Solid Dots are RAMA Flux Reference Sites) SIBER=Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Research Program Objectives: A)To provide data for defining biogeochemical variability in key regions of the Indian Ocean and for understanding the physical, biological and chemical processes that govern it; B)To provide data for developing models of ocean-atmosphere- biosphere interactions; C)To provide baseline data for assessing the impacts of climate change on ocean uptake of CO 2 and primary productivity in the ocean. Key Measurements: CO 2, pH, Fluorescence, Particle Backscatter, O 2 Target Locations: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Equator, Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge

24. New Web Page http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/

25. RAMA Data Deliveries Jan- Sept only

26. 0°, 90°E Time Series Data Gaps

27. Indian Ocean Fishing Vandalism

28. Tuna Catch 1989-93 Long Line Purse Seine &Pole/Line Bigeye Yellowfin Skipjack

29. Conehead Buoys Conehead buoys - Remove vulnerable sensors -Make buoys harder to board -Remove buoy attachment points Conehead buoy 89% Data Return

30. Engineering a New Generation Buoy System A ‘buoy in a box’ that functions like an ATLAS buoy.  Small, compact  Easy to deploy  Collect ocean data using a profiling crawler (PRAWLER). Anchor PRAWLER Mooring Line Buoy Hull

31. International Cooperation and Capacity Building Formal bilateral agreements:  USA (NOAA) and Indonesia (DKP and BPPT)--signed in May 2009 USA (NOAA) and India (MoES)--signed in Sept 2008 USA (NOAA) and Japan (JAMSTEC)--signed in June 2008 China (SOA) and Indonesia (DKP)--signed in 2007 ASCLME (9 East African countries)--planned in 2009 DART/RAMA cruise RV Baruna Jaya III Sept 2007 IndOOS Resource Forum

32. Established by IOGOOS and Advised by CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel Terms of Reference: To review the requirements for the implementation of IndOOS; To facilitate and coordinate resources that may be applied to the system, especially ship time for RAMA; To encourage scientific and technological initiatives in the participating countries to meet the objectives of IndOOS; To report on its activities to the Heads of the institutions providing resources.

33. Sustainability Requires Provision of Climate Products and Services to Society Users (Ocean-Atmos-Land-Cryosphere) Feedback & Analyses

34. The End Fifth Capacity Building Workshop Bali, Indonesia 9 October 2009