1. Cult of domesticity: idealized women & the home By late 1800s, a successful husband was one who earned enough to keep his wife at home

2.  Temperance movement  Suffrage movement  1848, Seneca Falls  First women’s rights convention

3. Public Education Reading, writing, & ‘rithmetic Late 1800’s

4.  John Dalton: Atomic theory, showed each element had its own kind of atoms  Charles Darwin  1859, published On the Origins of Species  Natural selection  Social Darwinism  Applied Darwin’s theories to business & society  Encouraged racism

5. Artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion Artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion People turned away from harsh realities of industrial life People turned away from harsh realities of industrial life Late 1700s - 1850 Alexandre Dumas Victor Hugo Ludwig van Beethoven

6. Late 1700s - 1850 Charles Dickens Gustave Courbet: “I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one.” New movement developed in the West Represent world as it is Leave out sentiment associated with romanticism Harsh

7. Late 1800s Photography, 1840s, posed a problem for painters Artists in Paris developed new style Postimpressionists later developed their own style They didn’t blend their brush strokes, according to a new study of optics, your eye would do that