1. Sport’s impact on spectators

2. Does sport have a more significant impact on spectators than on athletes?

3. Sport has had a major impact on society for thousands of years.

4. Mongolian Wrestling, 7000 B.C. Small crowds would gather to watch

5. Roman Chariot Races Held in the Circus Maximus ~500 B.C. Circus Maximus held 150,000 spectators

6. There were 134,030,000 in-person spectators of American professional sports in the 2013-2014 seasons.

7. SportSeason Average ticket price (U.S. Dollars) Total Attendance Estimated total revenue from ticket sales (U.S Dollars) MLB2014$28.8673,724,000$2,127,674,640 NHL2013-2014$61.6221,620,000$1,332,224,400 NBA2013-2014$52.5021,398,000$1,123,395,000 NFL2013-2014$84.4317,288,000$1,459,625,840

8. The sports industry was a 14.3 billion dollar industry in 2012 in the United States.

9. Initial: Salaries of athletes, coaches, managers, etc. Direct: Supply chains of uniforms, shoes, drinks, etc. Indirect: Supply chain’s supply chain- textiles and rubber.

10. Athletes created 546,144 jobs in 2012 for people who would otherwise be spectators.

12. 87 percent of college students agree that attending college or university sports events is an integral part of college life.

13. College students are in college to get an education.

14. Yet some students spend more time attending sports events than they do on their own studies.

15. It is estimated that 50,291,275 people attended NCAA football games in 2013.

17. It is estimated that 32,869,227 people attended NCAA basketball games in 2013.

19. College athletes do not care about students’ scores on exams, so why should students care about athletes’ score on a scoreboard?

20. We as humans feel the need to expand ourselves, and in order to do this we place pieces of ourselves into the things we care about.

21. Sports teams are put in different cities for this very reason, so everyone will have a chance to become attached to a team that will compete against other teams which many people have become attached to.

22. This gives spectators a sense of competition with other spectators, which leads to the purchasing of tickets and apparel, ultimately supplying more money in athletes’ and owners’ pockets.

23. All financial and psychological effects considered, sport seems to have the greatest impact on the spectators, not the athletes.

24. Espn.go.com. ESPN, 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014 http://espn.go.com/http://espn.go.com/ “Average ticket prices in the major sports leagues in North America in 2013/2014 (in U.S. dollars).” Statista: The Statistics Portal. Statista, 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2014 http://www.statista.com/statistics/261588/average- ticket-price-major-us-sports-leagues/http://www.statista.com/statistics/261588/average- ticket-price-major-us-sports-leagues/ “Major League Baseball: Average ticket price by team in 2014 (in U.S. dollars).” Statista: The Statistics Portal. Statista, 2014. Web 13 Nov. 2014 http://www.statista.com/statistics/193673/average-ticket-price-in-the- mlb-by-team/ http://www.statista.com/statistics/193673/average-ticket-price-in-the- mlb-by-team/ “2013 National College Football Attendance.” NCAA. NCAA, 2013. Web 15 Nov. 2014 http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/Attendance/2013.pdf

25. “2013 National College Basketball Attendance.” NCAA. NCAA, 2013. Web 15 Nov. 2014 http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_basketball_RB/Reports/attend/2013.pdf “Unprecedented survey reveals 9 in 10 college students tailgate safely.” NCAA. NCAA, 2004. Web 30 Nov. 2014 http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/PressArchive/2004/Miscellaneous/Unprecedented%2 Bsurvey%2Breveals%2B9%2Bin%2B10%2Bcollege%2Bstudents%2Btailgate%2B safely.html http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/PressArchive/2004/Miscellaneous/Unprecedented%2 Bsurvey%2Breveals%2B9%2Bin%2B10%2Bcollege%2Bstudents%2Btailgate%2B safely.html Burrow, Gwen. “Not Just a Game: The Impact of Sports on U.S. Economy” economicmodeling.com. 2013. Emsi. 9 July 2013 http://www.economicmodeling.com/2013/07/09/not-just-a-game-the-impact- of-sports-on-u-s-economy/ Wing, Carlin. “Hopelessly Devoted: Why We Watch Sports” PublicBooks.org. 2013. Public Books. 7 May 2013 http://www.publicbooks.org/nonfiction/hopelessly-devoted-why-we-watch- sports http://www.publicbooks.org/nonfiction/hopelessly-devoted-why-we-watch- sports