2.  The removal of a proportion of the trees in a stand …………..  …for silvicultural or economic reasons

3. Improves the quality of timber produced Gives increase in the volume of larger diameter log material May improve appearance of the woods Effects on ground vegetation Improves conservation value of the woods? How? Can bring in revenue

4.  Does not increase the overall volume from the site …..  ….. but does increase the amount of usable timber  Can affect crop stability  THE MAIN WAY IN WHICH A WOODLAND MANAGER CAN INFLUENCE/MANIPULATE THE CROP

5.  Windthrow  Access  Cost  Lack of will, knowledge??

6.  Based on:  Windiness (Zone)  Elevation  Exposure (Topex)  Soil type  Scores for each  Classes 1-6  1 = most windfirm  6=least widfirm

7.  Depends on objectives of management- what you are managing the wood for.  Remember you can change the wood structure to however you want it.

8. Crown Classes (D) Dominant, (CD) Co- Dominant, (I) Intermediate, And (S) Suppressed

9.  How you do the thinning  Line – why? How frequent? Affects?  Selective  ‘Crown’  ‘Low’ ‘Intermediate’  LISS  Links to CCF/Silvicultural systems

18.  Evans (1985) gives the following criteria, in order of priority, for the selection of broadleaved trees to favour in thinning, to maximise commercial value.  Good stem form and freedom from defect on the lower 7m (23') of stem.  Absence of deep forking in the crown.  Good vigour.  Freedom from defect in upper stem and crown.  Low incidence of epicormic branching.  Proximity of other selected trees. Even spacing should only be considered after other criteria are satisfied.

20.  http://www.woodlands.co.uk/tv/2009/05 /tree-thinning/ http://www.woodlands.co.uk/tv/2009/05 /tree-thinning/

21.  http://www.woodlands.co.uk/blog/woodl and-activities/tree-thinning/ http://www.woodlands.co.uk/blog/woodl and-activities/tree-thinning/