1. Diffusion Confusion ?????????

2. Movements The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in shaping our world. People everywhere interact. They travel from place to place and they communicate. Globalization—The actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. Globalization means that the world is shrinking – not literally in size – but in the ability of a person, object, or idea to interact with a person, object, or idea in another place.

3. Globalization of Economy Global Movement of Money New York, London, & Tokyo (there are only 6 hours you can’t trade in a world market on any given day) Transnational Corporation (multinational corporation) – conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.

4. Globalization of Economy Modern Technologies – before it was difficult to transfer money from one country to another – now it’s instantaneous. Globalization has created economic unions among countries NAFTA – European Union – OPEC – ASEAN

5. Globalization of Economy Globalization has led to specialization at the local level. A place may be near valuable minerals Inhabited by well-educated workers Globalization has heightened economic differences among places. Some places become high tech centers while others are centers for low –skilled tasks. Factories move from place to place – where is it the cheapest!!!

6. Globalization of Culture When people move and share goods, culture moves with them!!!! We’ll be spending more time on Culture & the globalization of it in Unit #3.

7. Connections between places Distance Decay – The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

8. Connections between places Space-Time Compression – The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. Distant places seem much closer than ever before in the history of mankind. 1492- Columbus – 37 days 1912-Titanic-would have been 5 days (3½) (same today) 1927-Lindbergh – 33.5 hours - NYC-Paris 1991, 1992, 2006 & 06-Anderson-Wagner – 6 hours there – 8-10 back

9. This music video was the first to be shown on MTV when the music channel debuted on August 1, 1981, at 12:10 A.M. (I was 6 years-old) On February 27, 2000 it also became the millionth video to be aired on MTV. Buggles – Video Killed the Radio Star

10. Diffusion Diffusion - is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time. The place from which an innovation originates is called a hearth (node). Geographers observe two basic types of Diffusion Relocation Expansion –3 types

11. Relocation Diffusion Relocation Diffusion – is the spread of an idea or thing through the physical movement of people from one place to another. Language, Religion, Culture English, Spanish, French – Roman Catholicism Euro – Single set of paper money – coins were individual - but could be used elsewhere –Geographers measured how long it took for the coins to spread around Europe. Distribution of HIV/AIDS in the USA –Originated in Africa –NY, CA, FL were the nodes of origin in the 1980s –25 States had no reported cases –NYC 3% of total population – 1/4 th of all AIDS cases –Reached it’s peak in 1993 - introduction of AZT

12. Expansion Diffusion Expansion Diffusion – The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. Three Different types: Hierarchical Diffusion Contagious Diffusion Stimulus Diffusion

13. Hierarchical Diffusion Hierarchical Diffusion – is the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. Political Leaders/Social elite “Just say NO to Drugs” »Nancy Reagan Clothing – Possessions Large Urban Center Education – College/Universities Art/Performing Arts »Rap/R&B

14. Contagious Diffusion Contagious Diffusion – is the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. Spread of Diseases (Flu, Chicken Pox) AIDS prevention methods & medicine adoption Ideas on the Internet Think of fans at a sporting event doing the wave  it spreads quickly!!!

15. Stimulus Diffusion Stimulus Diffusion – the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. 1980s – APPLE & DOS systems (IBM) about equal APPLE developed mouse/icon instead of typing in a string of words That idea diffused into the IBM compatible systems 1990s – APPLE sales had fallen far behind despite the new additions made APPLE sales remained low until they developed IMAC, IPOD, IPHONE

16. Distribution The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

17. Geographers identify three main properties of spatial distribution Density – The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. (arithmetic, physiological, agricultural, industrial, etc.) Concentration – The spread of something over a given area. Clustered – close together Dispersed – far apart Pattern – The geometric or regular arrangement of something in space. Streets, Subways, Houses, Cities

18. Baseball Teams, 1952–2007 The changing distribution of North American baseball teams illustrates the differences between density and concentration. Can you see any patterns?

19. The End… ahhhhhhh!!!