1. Living Environment

2. How do cells make new cells How do cells make new cells?  What happens when you cut a worm in half? Why do you think you can grow new skin over a cut on you hand but you can’t grow new fingers?

3. What is Asexual Reproduction  Only one parent is involved.  Offspring are genetically identical to their parents.  All cells that come from a single cell are genetically identical to it and to each other  They are all clones.

4. Are you two twins?  Asexual Reproduction Used by many unicellular organisms, plants, and lower animals. Involves only mitotic cell division Each offspring has exactly the same heredity as its parent. Usually rapid compared to sexual reproduction.

5. Types of Asexual Reproduction How many ways can you do mitosis?  Binary Fission  Budding  Regeneration  Parthenogenesis  Sporulation

6. Mitosis nucleus  The exact duplication of the nucleus of a cell so as to form two identical nuclei during cell division.

7. Binary Fission  Simplest form of asexual reproduction.  Parent organism divides into two approximately equal parts.  Each daughter cell becomes a new individual.

8. Binary Fission  Occurs prokaryotes  Occurs in one-celled organisms such as the amoeba and paramecium.

9. Budding  The parent organism divides into two unequal parts  The new organism is created as a smaller out growth or bud on the outside of the parent  The division of cytoplasm is unequal so one of the daughter cells is larger than the other.

10. Budding  The daughter cells can separate or remain attached.  Buds may break off and live independently or remain attached and form a colony.  Occurs in hydra and yeast.

11. They were Best Buds

12. Regeneration (don’t try this at home) Refers to the replacement or re-growth of lost or damaged body parts

13. Regeneration All organisms, including humans have the ability to regenerate something in the body, but the process is much more developed in lower organisms such as plants, invertebrates, and amphibians.

14. Parthenogenesis  Derived from Greek term meaning “virgin birth”  Usually found in lower vertebrates and invertebrate species  Female produces offspring without fertilization

15. Parthenogenesis  Occurs for a number of reasons: Lack of males Population sex control  Usually species that are capable of parthenogenesis go back to reproducing sexually  Method of parthenogenesis determines whether or not offspring are clones of the mother In some species, egg cells do not undergo meiosis – clones! In others, two haploid eggs fuse

16. Parthenogenesis  Here’s Flora, a proud-looking mum if I’ve ever seen one!  She laid 25 eggs after no contact with a male. Hmm…..  http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16298548/n s/technology_and_science- science/t/virgin-dragon-give-birth- holiday-season/ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16298548/n s/technology_and_science- science/t/virgin-dragon-give-birth- holiday-season/

17. Sporulation  Spores are produced in large numbers by mitosis and meiosis.  spores are small specialized cells that contain a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a thick outside wall.

18. Can I have some spor Can I have some spore?  Spores are found in Bacteria Mosses Molds Yeast Ferns Mushrooms and some protozoans

19. Can I have some spore ?  Spores are surrounded by a tough coat to help them survive harsh environmental conditions.  Some spores can live for years until the right conditions are available for them to become a new organism

20. Spores  Ascospores show evidence of crossing over during the sexual reproductive cycle of the Ascomycete

21. Alternation of Generations reproductive cycle of certain vascular plants, fungi, and protists.vascular plantsfungiprotists

22. The Haploid-Diploid Life Cycle  The haploid-diploid life cycle is the most complex life cycle and thus has lots of variation.  It is also the most common life cycle among plants.

23. http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrands onc/bio111/animations/0124.swf

24. THE END (or beginning)

25. References  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/27/virgin- birth-in-animals-parthenogenesis_n_2372246.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/27/virgin- birth-in-animals-parthenogenesis_n_2372246.html  http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/science/e nvironment/Parthenogenesis--When-Animals- Reproduce-Without-a-Mate.html http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/science/e nvironment/Parthenogenesis--When-Animals- Reproduce-Without-a-Mate.html  http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16298548/ns/technolo gy_and_science-science/t/virgin-dragon-give-birth- holiday-season/ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16298548/ns/technolo gy_and_science-science/t/virgin-dragon-give-birth- holiday-season/