1. Mrs. H. Anderson

2. ATOMS The smallest unit of matter = ATOMS Made of : Protons (+ charge, =Atomic #, mass) Neutrons (no charge, have mass) Electrons ( - charge, no mass) The PROTONS & NEUTRONS together make the center, or NUCLEUS of the atom. Electrons orbit around outside of the Nucleus

3. Elements A pure substance made of only one type of atom, found on periodic table. Symbols have one or 2 letters (ex: H= hydrogen, He = Helium) Each atom of one element will have the same, set number of PROTONS, which makes its atomic number. A neutral, balanced element has equal numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atomic MASS = protons + neutrons [not electrons!] i.e. OXYGEN (O) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so it’s atomic mass~ 8+8 = 16. Atomic number (same as the # of protons, always a whole number) Atomic Mass ≃  Protons + Neutrons (hint: Atomic mass is always larger ➘ than atomic number, usually double!)

4. If it doesn’t have its own square on the P.T., it isn’t an element. Symbols= 1 or 2 letters (if two letters, like Na, only the 1 st is capitalized)

5. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PROTONS are CONSTANT, never lost/gained: Make the atomic number which DEFINES an element. Example: Oxygen ALWAYS has 8 protons ELECTRONS can be gained or lost, making IONS. Lose an electron, become positive ion (ie. Na +1 ) Gain an electron, become negative ion (ie. Cl -1 ) IONS like to bond together, because OPPOSITES attract! Example: Na + + Cl - ➞ NaCl (table salt!) NEUTRONS can be gained or lost, making ISOTOPES. Doesn’t affect atom charge (because it’s neutral) DOES affect atomic mass (= protons + neutrons)

6. BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? (Answer in notes!) Water = Sugar= Salt= Caffeine= (H 2 0) (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) (NaCl) (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ) ELEMENTS HINT: How many CAPITAL letters are in the formula? Formulas:

7. BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? Water = Sugar= Salt= caffeine= ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1

8. BONDING When 2 or more different elements join together with bonds = a COMPOUND. Hint: Look for more than one symbol written together. Examples: Water Sugar SaltCaffeine H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 How many ELEMENTS are in EACH of these? Water = 2 Sugar= 3 Salt= 2 caffeine= 4 How many ATOMS are in one molecule of each of these? Water = 3 Sugar= 24 Salt= 2 caffeine= 24 ATOMS HINT: Add up little numbers (subscripts) If there is no # = 1

9. WATER: H 2 O YOU are ~70% water. Water helps maintain homeostasis. Properties of water: Cohesion: Sticks to itself (like “bubble” on top of penny) Adhesion: Sticks to other stuff (ex: straws / gets stuff wet) Solvent: Water dissolves stuff Spreads out ions = “aqueous solutions” (like salt, Koolaid…) A “SOLUTION” = a solid or liquid (“solute”) evenly dissolved in a liquid “solvent” (often water) In KoolAid, the mix is the solute, water is the solvent.

10. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM

11. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: You will need to know the names & symbols for 10 of the most important elements that make up your body. You may want to highlight these on the periodic table found on pg. 149 in your planner!

12. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON

13. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE

14. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN

15. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON Latin: Ferrum

16. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN

17. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN

18. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS

19. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM Latin : kalium

20. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM Latin: natrium

21. ELEMENTS TO KNOW: CALCIUM CARBON CHLORINE HYDROGEN IRON NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM SODIUM Must be able to SPELL words and MATCH names with SYMBOLS. I suggest highlighting these on Planner Pg 149 and making FLASHCARDS to study. Quiz Friday! Yes, spelling will count. (p6 & 7: If going to Comedy Sportz, you must take quiz before we’ll sign your ticket)

22. Unit 2 Vocab: Complete the vocab study aid for KEY TERMS from Chapter 2 sections 1, 2, & 3 For each term, I’ve given you the textbook glossary definition. You need to add a basic definition PLUS an example, keyword, or picture. Now: Do vocab, study Element symbols