1. Chapter 16 Waves I In this chapter we will start the discussion on wave phenomena. We will study the following topics: Types of waves Amplitude, phase, frequency, period, propagation speed of a wave Mechanical waves propagating along a stretched string Wave equation Principle of superposition of waves Wave interference Standing waves, resonance (16–1)

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25. n n n a a a n (16–18)

26. Reflections at a Boundary a)Hard reflection : A pulse incident from the right is reflected at the left end of the string, which is tied to a wall. Note that the reflected pulse is inverted from the incident pulse b)Soft reflection :Here the left end of the string is tied to a ring that can slide without friction up and down the rod. Now the pulse is not inverted by the reflection.

27. A A A B B B (16–19)

28. A A A B B B (16–20)

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