1. Bridge Hydraulics and Geotechnical

2. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 2 The Hydrological Cycle

3. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 3 North Saskatchewan River at Edmonton Maximum Discharge 5000 4000 3000 3 2000 1000 0 Year 1 9 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 9 3 1 1 9 4 1 1 9 5 1 1 9 6 1 1 9 7 1 1 9 8 1 Q (m /sec)

4. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 4 Flood Frequency Plot (Max Mean Daily Data)

5. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 5 Design Flood Frequency Local roads- 25 year return Secondary Highways- 50 year return Primary Highways- 100 year return High Water Marks

6. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 6 Streambed Profile of Typical Watercourse

7. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 7 Channel Types Meandering ChannelBraided Channel

8. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 8 Continuity: Q = AV

9. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 9 Typical River Channel Before Constriction FLOW RIVER BANK 10 m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

10. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 10 Continuity: V = Q/A Area can be reduced by: - Ice - Collapsed pipe - Liners - Drift - Struts - Insufficient Inlet

11. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 11 Typical River Channel After Constriction

12. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 12 General Scour Top of road embankment Flood peak F l o o d p l a i n F l ood p l a i n L.W. Scoured bed at flood peak 17 ft depth of scour B e d L. W.

13. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 13 Local Scour

14. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 14 Slope Protection

15. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 15 Structure Foundations Soil - all earth materials overlying the rock crust All loads from bridge carried by soil and/or rock crust Soil Mechanics - the science dealing with the action of soil associated with engineering

16. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 16 Soil Bearing Capacity Depends on mechanical properties –shear strength –bearing strength –compressibility Non-elastic, non-homogenous Mechanical properties change

17. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 17 Bridge Foundation Types Spread footings –good bearing at shallow depths Piles –drilled –driven –drilled and driven

18. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 18 Foundation Loads

19. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 19 Soil Creep

20. BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 20 Stability of Hillsides and Slopes