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CMAQ Sensitivity to Winter-Time Ground Surface Albedo Tyler Cruickshank State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality Division of Air Quality CMAS.

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Presentation on theme: "CMAQ Sensitivity to Winter-Time Ground Surface Albedo Tyler Cruickshank State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality Division of Air Quality CMAS."— Presentation transcript:

1 CMAQ Sensitivity to Winter-Time Ground Surface Albedo Tyler Cruickshank State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality Division of Air Quality CMAS Annual Conference October 6-8, 2008 Chapel Hill, North Carolina Last Talk, Last Day, 4:30 PM

2 ј A = σ A (λ,T)Ф A (λ,T)I(λ) dλ ∫ λ1λ1 λ2λ2 where, ј A is the First-order rate constant for photolysis (ј A ) Objective 1: Derive each term of the first-order rate constant for winter-time photolysis

3 Objective 2: Disregard Objective 1. How do you get outa’ here?! Google says 21 minutes to the airport. You are here. You want to be here.

4 Seriously Though … A: Increased photolysis = Higher O 3 & Higher secondary PM 2.5. Important to Utah Because: ~ Up to 90% of PM2.5 is NH 4 NO 3 ~ High winter O3 Q: Why are we interested in winter-time ground surface albedo? This Is An Awareness Talk: ● Winter-time modeling of O3 or secondary PM ● This issue is likely a bigger concern in the Western United States

5 Photolysis In Action O3O3 Scattered Incident Reflection How reflective is the ground surface to ultraviolet radiation (UV)?

6 Boulder, WY: 109 ppb O 3 Logan, UT: 60 ug/m3 NH 4 NO 3 51 ppb O 3 United States Snow Cover – February 23, 2008 Winter Photochemistry Can Be Significant

7 Estimated UV Albedo Values Data from Tanskanen and Manninen (2007) Croplands: 0.37 “Bare” Ground: 0.83 Evergreens: 0.27 Grasses: 0.72 CMAQ/JPROC Uses 0.05

8 CMAQ Photolysis Rate Calculation Step 1: Look-up table of photolysis rates created by JPROC. Step 2: Grid cells adjusted for exact location Step 3: CCTM adjusts rates for atmospheric attenuation (i.e. clouds). BUT, Land use not accounted for. Snow cover not accounted for. Result is grossly underestimated

9 JPROC Albedo Test Results July 18 January 18

10 CMAQ Results – O 3 @ 1400 MST 0.55 0.85 0.75 0.65

11 CMAQ Results – HNO 3 & NH 4 NO 3 @ 1400 MST HNO 3 NH 4 NO 3 0.85

12 AlbedoO3O3 HNO 3 NO 3 (p)NH 4 (p)NH 4 NO 3 0.55+27%+14%+33%+22%+30% 0.65+34%+17%+43%+29%+38% 0.75+41%+21%+54%+36%+48% 0.85+49%+26%+66%+45%+59% CMAQ Results – Impressive Increases Maximum Hourly Concentration Change Units: ppb, ug/m 3

13 Conclusions ● Winter-time UV albedo is a significant issue for winter-time modeling ● Significant underestimation of O3, NH4NO3 ● Hard coded albedo adjustments are necessary in the short term. ● A comprehensive approach UV albedo is needed in CMAQ: ► Need to Incorporate: land use type snow cover depth snow cover age

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