1. Minerals and Molecules
November 9, 2015
7th grade Chapter 9.1

2. Meme Moment
Move up if you can’t see for note-taking.

3. Scientist of the Day

4. Frederick Soddy Worked with Rutherford
Discovered different types of radiation
Nobel Prize in chemistry
Started writing books about economics instead
People thought he was a crackpot, but his ideas are used today
Predicted that economy would run on fossil fuels instead of gold
Was going to have an element named after him, but “Soddyium” sounds like sodium
Also worked with Ada Hitchins and gave her a lot of credit, which was unusual at the time. He used his Nobel Prize money to rehire her.

5. Atoms Atom: Smallest unit of matter.
Except not really, because atoms are made up of ‘subatomic particles’
Substances made of one type of atom are called elements.
There are only 118 known elements in the universe
You can see them all on the periodic table (which is a little out of date)
Each atom has a symbol. E.g. Oxygen is O.
All of them (except hydrogen and helium) were made in stars
Remember when we were talking about the metric system and we had to pay attention to capitalization? This is so we don’t get mixed up with symbols that mean entirely different things. E.g. hg is “hectogram,” Hg is “mercury.” (This analogy doesn’t always work – magnesium)

6. Molecules
Molecule: 2 or more atoms stuck together to make a substance (chemical). The atoms are joined with chemical bonds
Chemical bond: force of attraction between 2 atoms
Depending on how we draw a molecule, we might show chemical bonds with lines or just “know” that they’re there between atoms that are touching.

7. When you combine 2 or more squares, you get molecules. E. g
When you combine 2 or more squares, you get molecules. E.g. Na + Cl = NaCl, table salt!

8. HBrO4 Symbols for Molecules Numbers say how many No number = 1
Each atom has a symbol
from the periodic table
Symbols can be 1 or 2 letters.
First = capital, second = lower case or none

9. Practice! How many/what type of atoms do these molecules have? H2O
CuBr2
HgCl2
NaCl
KNO3

10. What do molecules and minerals have in common?
They are both types of matter, so they are made of atoms
Minerals and molecules are both substances
This means they have specific properties that are always the same
Can sometimes be grown in crystal shapes
Both have chemical formulas (symbols for writing the name)
Small changes in what they’re made of can be big changes in their chemical and physical properties

11. SiO2 SiO2 is a very common substance – sand, glass, quartz, amethyst
SiO2 can be different minerals
Dope with small amounts of other elements
Change crystal shape when it’s forming