1. Ground Motion and Building Response

2. Building Oscillation Seismic Simulation Thanks to FEMA, for original design

3. Mexico city, 1985

4. Why does the shaking vary between earthquakes and locations?

5. What determines level of ground shaking? Source –Magnitude –Type of fault –Direction of faulting Path –Distance –focusing - deep structure –Attenuation - depends on rock type Eastern and western US very different

6. How far away can you feel an earthquake?

7. What determines level of ground shaking? Source –Magnitude –Type of fault –Direction of faulting Path –Distance –focusing - deep structure –Attenuation - depends on rock type Eastern and western US very different Site effects

8. Amplified ground shaking

9. San Francisco geology

10. How to protect buildings from earthquake shaking? Make stronger –Expensive, physical limits Make building more flexible –Physical limits on contents and people Add shock absorbers

11. Design example With base isolation Without base isolation