1. Community Organization Theory and Models
報告日期：2012/09/27
報告學生：溫孟璇
參考書籍：Occupational Therapy in Community-based Practice Settings, p.76-79

2. Definition Community organization
“The process by which community groups are helped to identify common or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching goals they have set.”
Minkler, 1990

3. Associated Terms Citizen participation Community development
Mobilization of citizens
To improve the condition in the community
Community development
For economic and social progress
With active participation of community
Community organization
Individuals, groups, and organizations
Action to influence social problem

4. Associated Terms Community participation Empowered community
Involve people in decisions
Empowered community
Apply their skills and resources
Grassroots participation
Bottom-up efforts of people
On their own behalf
Macro practice
Professional

5. Ross(1967)
Develop strategies to respond to specific needs and problems
Individual have the ability to change
Be involved in change-making process
Internal motivation>external
Holistic>Fragmented
Cooperative participation & action
Need assistance

6. Methods of community organization
Rothman
Locality development
The Peace Corps
Social planning
The United Way
Social action
Civil right and gay rights movements

7. The Peace Corps
American volunteer program run by the United States government
The program's purpose:
To promote world peace and friendship
qualified for service abroad and willing to serve
The program was issued by President John F. Kennedy on March 1, 1961.
Since 1961, over 200,000 Americans have joined and have served in 139 countries.

8. The United Way of America
based in Alexandria, Virginia
non-profit organization:
nearly 1,300 offices
to pool efforts in fundraising and support
Goal: identifying and resolving community issues
The main focus areas include education, income and health.

9. Steps of community organization
Recognizing the problem
Getting entry into the community
Organizing the people
Identifying the specific problem
Determining the priorities and setting goals
Arriving at a solution and selecting intervention activities
Implementing the plan
Evaluating the outcomes of the plan of action
Managing the outcomes in the community
Looping back

10. Potential conflict Flick et al.(1994) Example: long-term partnership
Combining conflict management knowledge with empowerment education theory
Example: long-term partnership
Early recognition of conflict
Conflict analysis
Conflict management

11. OT Practice Early detection and resolution of conflict
Example: homeless shelter
Evaluate the efficacy of intervention

12. Steps of community organization
Recognizing the problem
Getting entry into the community
Organizing the people
Identifying the specific problem
Determining the priorities and setting goals
Arriving at a solution and selecting intervention activities
Implementing the plan
Evaluating the outcomes of the plan of action
Managing the outcomes in the community
Looping back

13. OT Practice Early detection and resolution of conflict
Example: homeless shelter
Evaluate the efficacy of intervention

14. Thank you for your listening!