1. 1 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

2. 2 5 ELEMENTS IN A CONCLUSION OverviewRestatementReviewImplicationsLimitations

3. 3 1.Overview of the study 1.Overview of the study Summarize what the research is all about (do not introduce new ideas) Explain briefly why & how you conduct the study

4. 4 2. Restatement of the objectives 2. Restatement of the objectives Rephrase the objectives Start with the most significant one

5. 5 3. Review of the findings Draw conclusions for each major issues Use sign posting to connect the findings Start with the most important one

6. 6 4. Implications of the findings 4. Implications of the findings Conclude/deduce ideas based on findings Implicate some ideas that can support further actions

7. 7 5. Limitations of research 5. Limitations of research State the weaknesses (do not apologize) E.g. Small sample size, limited time, improper instrument, etc.

8. 8 Conclusion can be written in paragraph/ point form

9. 9 WHAT IS A RECOMMENDATION? It suggests actions to be taken based on findings It is related to conclusions It is NOT based on biases or beliefs that are not supported by data

10. 10 2 TYPES OF RECOMMENDATION 1.To recommend actions to be taken based on findings 2.To recommend actions to other researchers for further research

11. 11 Recommendation can be written in paragraph/ point form

12. 12 LANGUAGE INPUT: Modal Auxiliary Verbs Use appropriate modals when making recommendations: May/Could/Might 1. May/Could/Might – mild suggestion Should/Ought to 2. Should/Ought to – strong suggestion Must/Have to 3. Must/Have to – extreme suggestion