1. Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified visual or photographic images of small objects. The microscope must accomplish three tasks 1.Magnify the specimen 2.separate the details in the image, 3.Make the details visible to the human eye or camera. Microscopy - an introduction

2. Microscopes increase resolution - minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points

3. Scale

4. Microscope One or more lenses that make an enlarged image of an object.

5. Simple Microscope Light passes through only 1 lens. Example: magnifying glass

6. Compound Microscope Lets light pass through an object and then through two or more lenses.

7. Stereoscopic Microscope Gives a three dimensional view of an object. (Examples: insects and leaves) Used for dissections

8. Electron microscopes – use a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light to magnify the image

9. Electron Microscopes can achieve 3D images using electrons

10. The Scanning Electron Microscope produces a 3-dimensional image of specimen’s surface features spider head of a butterfly

11. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Types of specimens: -Whole organisms -Natural tissue surfaces -Exposed tissue structure A flea magnified 50 000 X What is this?

12. Scanning Electron Microscope

13. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Allows the observation of molecules within cells Allows the magnification of objects in the order of 100, 000’s.

14. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) –Provides for detailed study of the internal structure of cells –a beam of electrons is transmitted through the specimen for a 2D view Longitudinal section of cilium Cross section of cilium 1 µm Figure 6.4 (b) cilia on rabbit lungs

15. Transmission electron microscope Chloroplast from a tobacco leafH1N1 virus

16. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) laser beam used to illuminate spots on specimen computer compiles images created from each point to generate a 3-D image used on specimens that are too thick for a light microscope

17. A, B, C pollen grains: Scanning electron microscope D pollen grains: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope E pollen grains: Transmission electron microscope F pollen grains: Light microscope G Mixed pollen grains (bright field light microscope, stained) H pollen grains confocal laser scanning microscope

18. Look at the following micrographs (a picture made by a microscope) and try to determine what the object is!

19. DENTIST’S DRILL

20. TOILET PAPER

21. HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

22. VELCRO

23. STAPLE THROUGH PAPER

24. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER CLAW

25. PORCUPINE QUILL

26. MASCARA BRUSH

27. ANT

28. BLACK FLY

29. MOSQUITO

30. CAT FLEA

31. MITE FEEDING

32. POLLEN GRAIN

33. ANT EYE

34. APHID ON A LEAF

35. EYELASHES

36. DOG FLEA

37. H1N1 VIRUS

38. What is the difference between a… VIRUSand CELL? E.coli bacterial cells

39. VIRUSBACTERIA -can’t live on its own- must- can exist on its own live inside another cell -much smaller (20 – 400nm)- larger (1000 nm = 1μm) -none are beneficial- some can be beneficial (bacteria in gut) -no cell wall, only a protein- outer cell wall coat - cannot be killed by antibiotics- are killed by antibiotics