1. Resilience and Environment Programming at USAID Andre Mershon, Center for Resilience, and Jami Montgomery, DCHA www.usaid.gov/resilience

2. SESSION OUTLINE Brief overview of resilience at USAID (20 mins) Panel Discussion and Q&A with Mission staff working on environment and resilience programming (40 mins) –Shawna Hirsch, USAID/Uganda –Bronwyn Llewellyn, USAID/Nepal

3. IMPETUS & RATIONALE Humanitarian costs - lives, livelihoods, dignity and aspiration Developmental costs - constraint on national and regional economies ($12b in Kenya 2008-2011) Economic costs – USG $1.5b in Horn/Sahel in 2011-2012 $2.9 in development benefits and reduced humanitarian spend for every $1 spent on resilience (DFID, V4M) Collective recognition that treating recurrent crises as perpetual humanitarian risks - rather than development challenges - is costly.

4. USAID defines resilience as: the ability of people, households, communities, countries and systems (social, economic, ecological) to mitigate, adapt to and recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth Initial focus on recurrent crises at the intersection of chronic poverty and exposure to shocks and stresses (including environment and climate) DEFINING RESILIENCE

5. 1.Developmental focus on people and places subject to recurrent crisis (these people and places are often extremely vulnerable to environmental degradation and climate change) 2.Shocks/stresses more explicitly recognized as perennial features (not anomalies). Concurrent investment to:  Reduce and manage risk - absorptive capacity  Build adaptive capacity - adaptive capacity  Facilitate inclusive growth - transformative capacity 3.Joint humanitarian and development analysis, planning and implementation (including environment and climate) KEY FEATURES OF USAID RESILIENCE EFFORTS

6. RESILIENCE AS A SET OF CAPACITIES *includes covariate and idiosyncratic

7. “Minimize the drop, shorten the rebound” Household Security Distress point Buffer reduces distress, quickens recovery Unable to cope with next shock Chronic poverty With resilience investments Without resilience investments Shock 2Shock 1 Equipped for next shock THE “RESILIENCE DIVIDEND” Bounce back better?

8. SYSTEMS THINKING IN AN EAR-MARKED WORLD Joint analysis, planning and implementation across humanitarian and development divides (and the divides in each) Key attributes:  Joint problem definition  Joint analysis to identify types of resources needed  Systems thinking to engage complexity

9. ADAPTATIONS AND INNOVATIONS Analytic & Programmatic Starting Point Examples from the Sahel Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) and water harvesting –5m hectares ‘re-greened’ via organic expansion Seasonal migrant labor –Drought-tolerant income source Moringa production and harvesting –Nutrition and value chain Informal safety nets, risk management strategies –Habbanae - animal loan –Warantage - debt trap of selling low and buying back high Notice that many of these practices are good for climate change adaptation, biodiversity, and soil and water conservation

10. CRITERIA FOR PRIORITIZING RESILIENCE INVESTMENTS 2012 Policy Existing USAID humanitarian and development programs (on which to build) Programs, presence, capabilities of other U.S. agencies Political will and institutional performance Effective, responsive leadership - local, national, regional Adaptations and innovations already under way Minimum security exists to achieve resilience objectives High rates (and depth) of poverty and chronic vulnerability Persistently high and acute malnutrition (GAM) Persistent large humanitarian caseloads Conflict/fragility risk Exposure to hazards, including natural hazards Historically high levels of USAID humanitarian assistance Enabling Environment Vulnerability Recurrent Crisis Comparative Advantage

11. Multiple funding streams and implementing partners contributing to a shared goal in a focus geographic region through three program pillars: Increasing economic opportunities and well-being Strengthened governance Improving human capital RESILIENCE FOCUS COUNTRIES IN THE HORN OF AFRICA AND SAHEL Ethiopia Kenya Niger & Burkina Faso (RISE)

12. Innovation and knowledge management / Gender / Private Sector Involvement / Functional Literacy RESILIENCE PROGRAMMATIC AND RESULTS FRAMEWORK Goal: Increased resilience of chronically vulnerable populations Objective 1: Increased and Sustainable Economic Well-Being (income, food access, assets, adaptive capacity) Objective 3: Improved Health and Human Capital IR.3: Increased access to financial services Objective 2: Strengthened Institutions and Governance IR 4: Strengthened institutional capacity and coordination IR.1. Increased use of health and nutrition services IR. 2: Intensified agricultural production & marketing IR. 3: Strengthened conflict management IR. 1: Diversified economic opportunities IR. 1: Strengthened natural resource management IR 4: Improved educational attainment IR. 3: Improved vocational skills (workforce) IR.2: Strengthened disaster risk management IR.2. Improved health and nutrition practices IR. 4: Increased market infrastructure (physical) Horn of Africa and Sahel

13. EMERGENT RESILIENCE EFFORTS IN THE HORN, SAHEL AND ASIA Nepal – layering of GCC/CDF-funded FFP development program with FTF Kisan and GH Suahara; community resilience program; DRR and expansion eastern hills Uganda – resilience as a framework for organizing USAID and other donors’ investments in Karamoja Mali – resilience as an organizing concept for the CDCS and resilience focus zone (northern Mopti) identified Somalia – support to flagship UN resilience strategy (FAO, WFP, UNICEF); SomRep; joint OFDA-FFP mission resilience APS

14. Illustrative example from the RISE (Sahel) FUNDING FOR FOCUSED RESILIENCE EFFORTS (DCHA)

15. MEASURING RESILIENCE: USAID TOP WELL-BEING OUTCOME INDICATORS Politically Expedient Measure Robust Outcome Measures Normalized by severity of drought (NDVI) Controlling for population growth In part, a function of ‘methods’ of HA determination Contextual complement to poverty prevalence FTF ‘economic resilience’ measures Contextual complement to stunting Global acute malnutrition (GAM) Moderate to severe h unger (HHS) Humanitarian assistance needs Depth of Poverty (DoP)

16. Center for Resilience 0 Horn of Africa Chip Bury Regional Programs Isaac Thendiu Kenya Jennifer Maurer Ethiopia John Edgar Somalia Anne Shaw Uganda Joe Hirsch Asia Nepal Laureen Reagan RDMA Sh eila Roquitte Resilience Leadership Council (BFS, DCHA, E3, GH, Lab, AFR, Asia, ME) BFS Assistant Administrator Beth Dunford (co-chair) Resilience Coordinator Greg Collins M&E Specialist Tiffany Griffin KM&L Specialist Karine Garnier Country Support Andre Mershon Program Analyst Justin Prudhomme Sahel Scott Dobberstein Burkina Faso Siaka Millango Niger Ahmadou Ndiade Mali Amadou Camara USAID RESILIENCE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART DCHA Assistant Administrator Tom Staal (co-chair) Resilience Deputy Coordinator (TBD – FSO) Regional Bureau Focal Points Asia - David Fox Africa - Marjorie Copson (Sahel) - Chad Chapman (Horn) ME - Charles Kiamie Mission Resilience Coordinators Senior Director of Partnerships Tom Beck

17. PRIORITIES: CENTER FOR RESILIENCE AND LEADERSHIP COUNCIL Deliver (and measure) results in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel Pursue a robust communication campaign Explore resilience in fragile states Institutionalize resilience in USAID Expand to Asia Build-out Partnerships Operationalize the Global Resilience Partnership

18. For more information: www.usaid.gov/resiliencewww.usaid.gov/resilience 1.How has your Mission approached resilience from the strategic planning and implementation perspectives? 2.What challenges and opportunities did using a resilience approach bring? 3.Where/how have climate and environment issues been considered in planning and programming? 4.What kind of outcomes are you seeing from resilience investments? MISSION PANEL DISCUSSION Panelists Shawna Hirsch, USAID/Uganda Bronwyn Llewellyn, USAID/Nepal

19. Transformative capacity Access to formal safety nets Availability telecoms networks Access to markets Access to infrastructure Access to basic services Access to communal natural resources Conflict mitigation and management institutions Access to livestock services Bridging social capital Linking social capital (to government info and services) Absorptive capacity Bonding social capital (within community) Shock preparedness and mitigation Access to informal safety nets Availability of hazard insurance Household ability to cope with/recover from shocks (see Kenya) Adaptive capacity Human capital Bonding social capital Bridging social capital (outside community) Exposure to information Diversity of livelihoods (by risk profile) Access to financial resources Asset ownership Aspirations and confidence to adapt (see Kenya) MEASURING RESILIENCE CAPACITIES (FROM ETHIOPIA)