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Published byDorothy Parrish Modified over 8 years ago
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PERSONALITY PART I
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PERSONALITY DEFINED A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Using the definition above…Tell us about your personality
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2 PRIMARY THEORIES RE:PERSONALITY Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. The Humanistic Approach: Focused on our inner capacities for growth and fulfillment.
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THE RESEARCH IS CHANGING A LITTLE Today’s theories about personality are a bit more focused and down-to-earth than research in the past.
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GETTING IN TO FREUD
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FREUD’S LEGACY All of these terms are common in our vocabulary thanks to Freud: Fixated: Stuck on a particular object or way of behaving Repressed: to have suppressed thoughts, feelings, or memories that are too painful to bear Regressed: To act in a more immature way
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Anal-Retentive: To be obsessively neat and organized Oedipus Complex: A condition in which a boy loves his mother and hates his father Rationalize: To explain away a problem or justify one’s own behavior
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PERSONALITY STRUCTURE BY FREUD Id: Operates on the Pleasure Principle. Seeks immediate gratification. Ego: Seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure. Operates in the Reality Principle. Superego: Our moral compass. Forces the ego to consider not only the real, but the ideal as well.
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HOT TIP Think of the old cartoons with the Angel and Devil on the shoulder. Devil: Id Angel: Superego Character: Ego
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ANOTHER FREUDIAN TERM Identification: the process by which children incorporate their parents’ values in to their developing superegos. HOW IS THIS TRUE WITH YOU?
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS Repression: bans thoughts from consciousness Regression: retreating to a child-like stage of development Reaction Formation: Ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look opposite. Ex—”I love my dad” when you really hate him. Projection: Disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others. Ex—”He doesn’t trust me” when you don’t really trust him. The thief thinks everyone else is a thief.
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS ( CONT.) Rationalization: Occurs when we generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons of our actions. Thus habitual drinkers may say that they drink with their friends “just to be sociable.” ANY MORE EXAMPLES???
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MORE DEFENSE MECHANISMS Sublimation: re-channeling unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities. Denial: People refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities.
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DENIAL D on’t E ven k N OW I A M L ying
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST Developed by Henry Murray, the TAT is a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
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RORSCHACH INKBLOK TEST The most widely used projective test uses a set of 10 inkblots and was designed by Hermann Rorschach. It seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretatio ns of the blots.
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THE HUMANISTIC APPROACH
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HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE By the 1960s, psychologists became discontent with Freud’s negativity and the mechanistic psychology of the behaviorists. Key People: Maslow and Carl Rogers
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TRAIT PERSPECTIVE
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