1. Age of Exploration Europeans Explore the East

2. Background Crusades of Middle Ages 1275 – Marco Polo visited Kublai Kahn in China Renaissance spirit of adventure & curiosity

3. “God, Glory, Gold” Find new sources of wealth – New trade routes Spread Christianity “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” ~Bartolomeu Dias

4. New Technology Cartography – map-making Caravel – sturdier ship Triangular sails – better against wind Navigational techniques – Astrolabe (Muslims) – Magnetic compass (Chinese)

8. Portugal Leads the Way Strong gov’t support of exploration Prince Henry the Navigator – Sought treasures & spread of Christianity – Founded navigational school Est. trading posts on coast of Africa Began attempt to find sea route to Asia

9. Early Portuguese Exploration 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias – sailed to Cape of Good Hope (tip of S. Africa) 1497 – Vasco da Gama – reached port of Calicut, India – Direct sea route to Asia Da Gama

10. Spain Follows Portugal’s Lead 1492 – Christopher Columbus – reached island in Caribbean – Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal Pope Alexander IV created Line of Demarcation – Lands to the west of the line = Spain’s – Lands to the east of the line = Portugal’s 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas – moved line farther west

12. Portugal’s Trading Empire Took control of spice trade form Muslim merchants Controlled of the Straits of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca Broke Muslim-Italian dominance on trade – More Europeans could afford goods

13. Spain’s Trading Empire 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines – Claimed & settled the islands

14. Other European Exploration England, Netherlands, France – Created companies to mint $, make treaties, raise armies Dutch Republic (Netherlands) – independence from Spain in 1581 – Leading sea power – largest fleet of ships – Dutch East India Company

15. Other European Exploration Dutch made trade headquarters @ Batavia on island of Java – Ruled Indonesia & controlled Indian Ocean trade – Controlled Cape of Good Hope – Amsterdam became leading commercial center

16. Other European Exploration England – English East India Company – Outposts in India – traded Indian cloth France – French East India Company – Struggled for outpost in India (not profitable) European influence in inland S.E. Asia was limited