1. Canada and The Cold War

2. The Cold War…brrrrrr After World War Two the world is broken into two main camps. Lead by 1. The Soviet Union 2. The United States

3. What is the Cold War?  Period lasting from 1945 – 1991.  Characterized by tension and hostility between the Communist Soviet Union and its allies and the Capitalist and democratic United States and its allies.

6. Canada and the Cold War  Caught in the Middle – USSR on top, USA underneath…Canada is the main missile and bomber route. Wrong place at the wrong time.  Canada was involved in The Cold War as an ally to the U.S and NATO  Our alliance with them evolved naturally because of our geographic proximity, history of co-operation and similar political and economic systems.

9. Spread of Communism  Soviets took over countries in Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone from the West

11. The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain was the physical boundary, built by the Soviet Union, dividing Europe into two separate areas from1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolized efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its neighbouring states from open contact with the west and non- Soviet-controlled areas.

12. The Iron Curtain

15. Germany and Berlin Split

16. Berlin Wall  Many were fleeing Soviet Berlin.  Soviets decide to put up a wall to keep people in.  In 1948 the Soviets blockade all the ground links to West Berlin

17. Berlin Wall

19. Building the Wall

21. Berlin Wall  The Berlin Wall stood until November 9, 1989,  The reunification of East and West Germany was made official on October 3, 1990  The reunification of East and West Germany was made official on October 3, 1990

23. NATO and Warsaw Pact  WEST – NATO (1949) Military Alliance (sound familiar?)Military Alliance (sound familiar?) North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Led by the United StatesLed by the United States  EAST – Warsaw Pact (1955) Military Alliance, response to NATO threatMilitary Alliance, response to NATO threat Led by Soviet RussiaLed by Soviet Russia

24. Domino Theory  The domino theory was a 20th Century foreign policy theory, promoted by the government of the United States, that speculated if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino effect.

25. Hmm…..Anyone remember the causes of WW1? In partners, apply your knowledge of WW1 causes to the Cold War situation What do you find is similar? different?

26. Causes of WW1 and Cold War 1.Militarism Nuclear Arms Race…even worseNuclear Arms Race…even worse2.Alliances NATO and Warsaw PactNATO and Warsaw Pact3.Imperialism Spheres of influenceSpheres of influence4.Nationalism Economic system instead of nations?Economic system instead of nations? Sounds like trouble…

27. North American Defence NORAD  NORAD – North American Air Defence Agreement  HQ buried in Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado.  Centrally controlled and coordinated defence of North American Air Space Fighter forcesFighter forces Missile basesMissile bases Air defence radarAir defence radar

28. Canada and NORAD  Protection from Soviet Air Attack (bombers initially, then missiles)  US built three lines of radar stations across Canada (built between 1950-57) The Pinetree LineThe Pinetree Line The Mid-Canada LineThe Mid-Canada Line Dew Line (in the artic) - Distant Early Warning LineDew Line (in the artic) - Distant Early Warning Line

30. DEW Controversy  Many Canadians felt this defence system compromised our independence  Was this a necessary price of added security?