1. Opening Agenda- Things to Get: Handouts from the front shelf Things to Do: Opener: Marat Review Class work: 1) Classical music notes 2) Bios: Hayden, Mozart, Beethoven 3) Composer Activity Exit Slip: Listening Quiz

2. Opener- 10 minutes Answer the following questions for the image seen on the right. 1) Name this work. 1) Include artist name and cultural context 2) Define the term propaganda. 3) List six items of propaganda found in this piece. 4) Describe how three of these items are propaganda.

3. Historical Context This is what goes in the MIDDLE COLUMN! 1) The Death of Marat by Jacques Louis David 1) Journalist in bathtub, sent hundreds to the guillotine, Charlotte Corday wanted to save her country, stabbed Marat to end Reign of Terror 2) An item used to persuade an individual’s opinion either negatively or positively 3) Letter in left hand; quill pen; Knife; Shroud; Repose of Marat (body position); Money on the “desk” 4) Describe how three of these items are propaganda. 1) Follow along with discussion

4. Thesis What is the historical context that created this piece of propaganda

5. The Classical Era- Classical Music BEAUTY IS FOUND IN ORDER AND SYMMETRY 1750-1825 Copyright © 2005 - Frankel Consulting Services, Inc. Put this title on your notes!

6. Classical Music Composers rejected the intensity of religious feeling and dramatic contrasts of the Baroque style Distinguished by the growth of popular audience for serious music Vienna, Austria was the center of classical music As public concerts became more popular in the 18 th century, the average person’s experience with and appreciation for music increased. Middle class demanded more accessible and recognizable musical language than from the Baroque period. Composers gained fame by reshaping old forms like the concerto and establishing new forms (symphony)

7. Classical Music Patronage Composers relied on general support Supported themselves by offering music lessons, printing books of instruction, and writing simple pieces to be played at home Not as rich, but free in composition

8. Classical Music Women Made music in the home to entertain families, suitors, and close friends Traditional instrument in the home: Harpsichord Professional Musicians for the first time: Marianna Martinez (1744-1812) Studied with Haydn Full length works earned her acclaim http://oboeclassics.com/~oboe3583/ambache/wMartinez.htm

9. Classical Music Characteristics: References to Greco-Roman Art, clarity of form, balanced design, emotional restraint Elements: Form: order, symmetry, clarity Melody: duality of two or more phrases contrasting Texture: Homophony Dynamics: Changes more subtle and dramatic Timbre: Instrumental music dominated

10. Symphony Four parts that follow a predictable pattern An extended work for orchestra - 20 - 40 min. in length. Characteristics of Form: First Movement: Allegro-Dramatic Uses the sonata-allegro form Second Movement: Adagio/Andante- Reflective Theme and variation/rondo/sonata-allegro Third Movement: Moderato (popular dance)- Stately and Elegant Minuet/trio (ABA) Fourth Movement: Allegro- Happy Sonata-allegro form

11. The Sonata This word is used in two different ways: A one-movement piece for a solo instrument, usually accompanied by a piano Sonata allegro form (first movement of a symphony)- Exposition Introduces themes Development Modifies themes Recapitulation Returns to the main theme

12. The String Quartet A composition for four solo string instruments: 2 Violins 1 Viola 1 Cello Each part is equally important. Haydn was the first to write one - he also mastered them. Piece usually has four movements similar to that of the symphonic form.

13. Opera Opera is a combination of music, drama, scenery, costumes, dance, etc., to create a complete art form. During this period and the one that followed that most of the most famous operas were written - including: The Magic Flute The Marriage of Figaro Don Giovanni Mozart

14. Instruments of the Classical Period Modern Flute Clarinet French Horn Valved Trumpet Trombone Percussion Piano

15. Famous Classical Composers Haydn Mozart Beethoven

16. Franz Joseph Haydn- 1732-1809 -Court musician for Prince Esterhazy for 30 years -When Esterhazy died in 1790, son disbanded orchestra. -Moved from Vienna to England in 1791 -Received at Royal Court -Awarded an honorary doctorate at Oxford -Began to receive financial benefits -Here he wrote “London Symphonies” -“Papa Haydn” -Basic form of sonata, symphony, and string quartet -Wrote more than 100 symphonies

17. Haydn- Surprise Symphony Characteristics of music: - clarity, balance, restraint - Set guidelines for classical style while adapting to patron’s needs - Transition from court to public music - Song to Identify on your exam: - Surprise Symphony

18. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

19. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- 1756-1791 -Born and raised in Salzburg -Father was first music teacher -Child prodigy -Played the violin and piano at the AGE OF FIVE!!!! -As an adult -Suffered from depression and illness -Difficult time securing an income -Wrote more than 600 works -41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, nine concertos -Died at 35 in serious debt

20. Mozart- Requiem Mass -Characteristics of Work: -Combination of German and Italian styles -Shows a wide range of emotions -Wrote the most famous operas ever -The Marriage of Figaro -The Magic Flute -Don Giovanni -Song to Identify on your exam: - Requiem Mass-Lacrimosa - Composed: 1791 (In Vienna) - Most enigmatic pieces of music ever composed, mostly because of the myths and controversies surrounding it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JE2muDZksP4

21. Ludwig Von Beethoven 1770-1827

22. Born and raised in Bonn, Germany Had to practice late at night for a drunken father 21- moved to Vienna and remained there Known as prodigy on piano and his improvisational skills Innovative and creative composer: Changes music from being a function of objective laws to music that expresses one’s inner feelings Supported himself solely through composing and performing his music 1800: starts going deaf/1815- mostly deaf Nearly commits suicide (1802- Heiligenstadt testament) Ludwig Von Beethoven 1770-1827

23. Beethoven Characteristics of Work: 32 sonatas, nine symphonies Tension between Classical and Romantic Three periods Until 1802: Classical style Stuck to Haydn’s rules Middle Period (1803-14): “Heroic Phase” Works are more dramatic, longer, stretch Classical form Compositions modulate between gentile and appealing melodies and dynamic and forceful writing* Final Period (1815-1827) New music territory and spiritual profundity

24. Beethoven- Moonlight Sonata Composed: 1801 Form: Sonata (piano) * does not follow the traditional sonata pattern Additional information: - Three movements: Adagio sostenuto: written in truncated sonata form where the melody is played mostly by the right hand. - Pianissimo to mezzo-forte. Allegretto: is a relatively conventional minuet and trio; a moment of relative calm written in D-flat major.minuet trioD-flat major Presto agitato: The stormy final movement (C-sharp minor), in sonata form, is the weightiest of the three www.wikipedia.org

25. Classical Composers Activity Composers Assignments: Assignment One: Mind Map Assignment Two: Sensory Figure Complete one and two on any composer of your choice. Write a summarizing statement of how the composer you left out relates to the others.

26. Conclusions Most of the most famous composers in history come from this era. By 1825, the modern orchestra was almost fully in place (except for the tuba and low woodwinds). It was during this era that many of the most famous pieces of music were written, including symphonies and operas.

27. Exit Slip On Opener, Article Sheet 1) Name one fact (composer) and one characteristic (music) of the following composers: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven 2) Listening Quiz: composer and song title 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7 8 9