1. VOLCANO CHAPARRASTIQUE ERUPTS IN EL SALVADOR Sunday, December 29, 2013 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. EL SALVADOR IS LOCATED ON THE “RING OF FIRE”

3. LOCATION MAP

4. CHAPARRASTIQUE ERUPTS AGAIN: DEC. 29, 2013

5. The Chaparrastique volcano, which is located in the San Miguel municipality about 140 km (87 miles) east of San Salvador, the capital, spewed ash over a wide area known for its coffee plantations.

6. The dense column of gas and ash rose more than 5,000 meters (3 miles) into the air, and debris was spread in a radius of 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the volcano

7. INITIAL IMPACTS No immediate reports of casualties or injuries. Officials warned that wind could carry smoke and ash from the Chaparrastique to Tegucigalpa, the capital of neighboring Honduras. Flights to and from El Salvador were cancelled on Sunday.

8. After erupting 26 times in the last 500 years, Chaparrastique is considered the most active of El Salvador’s 23 active volcanoes.

9. RESCUE WORKERS FACILITATING EVACUATIONS

10. SOME OF THE 1635 EVACUEES: 7 TEMPORARY SHELTERS

11. COPING WITH THE VOLCANIC ASH

12. SOLDIERS MAINTAIN SECURITY

13. VOLCANOES

14. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS VERTICAL ASJ PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) TEPHRA LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS

15. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS LAVA FLOWS LAHARS (can bury villages) EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)

16. LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS LAHARS TOXIC GASES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

17. INDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIESINDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS VOLCANO HAZARDS PEOPLE & BLDGS. VULNERABILITY LOCATION VOLCANO RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

18. POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EXPECTED LOSS

19. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER

20. MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES AND WARNING SYSTEMS ARE A VITAL PART OF BECOMING RESILIENT

21. INTEGRATED AIR AND LAND MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL.