1. Chapter 1 (Summary) Drunken Mr. Jones to bed/animals meet in the barn Major Wishes to pass his wisdom – Talks about miserable lives and manipulation/born as slaves Could live in luxury given the resources Use the products of their labors Dream from the Previous Night – Live free and happy – Animals vs. humans (2 legged walking ‘ creatures ’ ) – Once they take the humans they can ’ t acquire their traits Ex: live in a house, sleep in beds, drink, smoke, $, clothes, trade (p. 31) –“ Beasts of England ” ---an animal Utopia Mr. Jones fires a shotgun and stops the commotion

2. Chapter 1 (Analysis) “Beasts of England”- the animals will finally be free from man’s domination—enjoy the fruits of their labors The song words lead to a ‘false reality’ – (Reality vs. a Dream Utopia) Major’s simple belief is that ‘Man’ is the only reason for their evil (makes it easy for anyone non human to buy in to the situation – Idea touches on class struggle, surplus value, and domination – Idea is sincere, but it’s only a fantasy—just like... – Major states: “All animals are equal” Lenin dies just as Major-leaving his work unfinished Ch. 1=Historic to period before and during WWI – Ends with great unrest!

3. Chapter 2 (Summary) Napoleon/Snowball description (35) The Rebellion-Animals take farm and preserve the house Animalism Moses-Sugar Candy Mountain 7 Commandments: – 1. 2 legs is the enemy – 2. 4 legs or wings is a friend – 3. No clothes – 4. No bed – 5. No alcohol – 6. Not kill any other animal – 7. All animals are equal

4. Chapter 2 (Analysis) Russian Revolution Becomes very clear – Manor Farm- Part feudal, Part capitalist = Russia Major represents Marx’s philosophy of communism, and Lenin who enacted it = Animalism – Animals=working class (esp. Boxer and Clover) Pigs = intelligentsia (organized and controlled the Rev.) Squealer = Propaganda Moses = Russian Orthodox Church Mollie = Bourgeoisie (Luxuries) Russia began with noble ideas including moral dignity and equality-quickly gone on Animal Farm Orwell’s description of pre-rebellion misery-social inequality and mistreatment of workers

5. Chapter 3 (Summary) “ 4 legs good, 2 legs bad ” - Pigs take charge/superiority- – take the milk – Raise the pups A lot of work is done- BOXER “ I will/must work harder ” Flag with hoof and horn (Russian Flag) Snowball and Napoleon fight Pigs take human ways Socialists goals became meaningless tools used for control 4 legs/2 legs — what about wings? Dog Army Manipulation by Squealer-(p52 or last page of Chapter 3)

6. Chapter 3 (Analysis) Boxer’s (People’s) blind faith in the system Imbalance of knowledge and literacy – Pigs/Stalin-sole guardians of Animal Farm/Russian principals 7 Commandments – Antihuman directive (no clothes), moral values (no kill other animal), utopian ideas (all animals equal) 4 legs good/2 legs bad=not part of the above ideals – Propaganda was used to ignore their own unhappiness/shift focus Squealer = Propaganda to control the people Satire – “Good of the State” –emphasizes Russia’s own downfall-pokes fun

7. Chapter 4 (Summary) The Short Version – Battle of Cowshed – Medals: Animal Hero First Class Snowball and Boxer

8. Chapter 4 (Analysis) Allusion: Julius Caesar (Snowball studying JC’s campaigns) Russian Interwar Period Trotsky: In order for Communism to work, it has to be global Domino Effect = Non communists become communist – Pres. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson used this to justify military involvement in Turkey, Greece, and Vietnam Rumors spread of Russia People fight but don’t understand what their fighting for – Their own oppression = Irony Orwell was (perhaps) denouncing Comm. & non-Comm. – Mr. Jones = Irresponsible/Neglect – Mr. P = Doesn’t do anything

9. Chapter 5 (Summary) Mollie decides to change sides Napoleon/Snowball argue a lot – Each campaign for supporters Windmill plans completed – debate over the project Snowball is attacked and ousted Napoleon takes power (Pig Power) Boxer adds to his ‘ catch phrase ’ “ I will work harder ” –“ Napoleon is always right ”

10. Chapter 5 (Analysis) Napoleon rises as did Stalin – Snowball/Trotsky is banished Stalin has his own secret police (intelligentsia) = Dogs 3 rd World Country (p64)- Build technology/electricity – Stalin first balked at it, then adopted it as his own idea Orwell was part of a Trotskyist group in the late 1930’s during the Spanish Civil War – Could be why Snowball is looked at in a positive manner Importance of technological advances in Russia is essential – Much effort was put into the overall change – As previously mention-Stalin shunned it at 1 st, then took it as his own

11. Chapter 6 (Summary) Work weeks were now 60hr/wk and work on Sundays Food rations were cut Animals eager to take more work b/c it ’ s for their own benefit Mr. Whimper-Human solicitor introduced – Used to obtain outside goods needed (iron, nails, paraffin oil) Pigs now live and sleep in farm house Commandments changed – No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets Storm destructs windmill – Supposed work of Snowball Snowball is given a death sentence

12. Chapter 6 (Analysis) Government Oppression (not just in Russia) – Overworked working class – Government justified luxuries – Propaganda is used to cover up mistakes Governments tend to blame others for their own deficiencies and wrong doings to keep their own standing – Ex: Communist Russia vs. Trotskyism – Ex: U.S.A. vs. Communism By shifting the blame it is easy to manipulate Orwell’s idea: Tyranny is Cyclical – More Power = More Corrupt = Become what is was in 1 st place Pigs evolve into grotesque human beings-increased resemblance of humans