1. Naming Organic Compounds Created by L. Scheffler, Lincoln High School Modified by K. Slater 1

2. Originally compounds were named based on their source or use Many organic compounds were given common names which are still in use However many ambiguities resulted With the large number of organic compounds, a method for systematically naming them is very important Naming Organic Compounds 2

3. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) developed a system for naming organic compounds. This system eliminated many of the ambiguities that plagued earlier naming systems Common names for many substances are still widely used IUPAC Names 3

4. A series of prefixes are used to designate the number of carbon atoms in a carbon chain Naming Hydrocarbons using the IUPAC System meth1 Chex6 C eth2 Chept7 C prop3 Coct8 C but4 Cnon9 C pent5 Cdec10 C 4

5. For straight chain hydrocarbons. The prefix indicates the number of carbon atoms. The suffix ane is added to designate that the compound is an alkane Naming Alkanes 5

6. For branched chain hydrocarbons, identify the longest consecutive (straight) chain first. Then name the side chains or branches. The name of the branches end in “yl” and go before the name of the straight chain Naming Alkanes with branched chains -methylpropane methyl butane dimethyl propane 6

7. Alkenes have one (or more) carbon to carbon double bonds When there are 4 or more carbon atoms in a chain, the location of the double bond is indicated by a number. Numbering the location of the double bond(s) takes precedence over the location of side chains Alkenes 1 butene 2-butene methylpropene 7

8. Naming Compounds With Functional Groups Various functional groups have unique suffixes that designate the functional group. The functional group takes precedence in numbering the carbon chain. Branches to the carbon chain are named in the usual manner. alcohols “-ol” Amides “-amide” Aldehydes “-al” Amines “-amine” or “amino-” Ketones “-one” Esters “-oate” Carboxylic acids “-oic acid” halohydrocarbons Fluoro-, bromo-, chloro- or iodo- 8

9. Alcohols Suffix = “ol” 1- Propanol 2- Propanol 2-methyl-2-propanol 9

10. Suffix = “al” Propanal Note that the aldeyhde group is always on an end carbon or carbon 1 Aldehydes 10

11. Suffix = “one” Propanone (also known as acetone) Butanone (also known as methyl ethyl ketone) 2-Pentanone (note the number is necessary Because the C=O could be on carbon 2 or carbon 3) Ketones 11

12. Suffix = “oic acid” Butanoic acid Note that the acid group (called a “carboxyl”) is always on an end carbon or carbon 1 Carboxylic Acids 12

13. Esters Suffix = “oate” Ethyl butanoate Butyl ethanoate There are two branches. The branch with the carbonyl gets the suffix Esters 13

14. Suffix = “amide” butanamide Note that the amide group is always on an end carbon or carbon 1 Amides 14

15. Suffix = “amine” Or prefix = “amino” Propylamine or 1-aminopropane 2-propylamine or 2-aminopropane 2-methyl-2-propylamine or 2-methyl -2- aminopropane Amines 15

16. prefixes = “fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo” 1-bromopropane 2-chlorobutane 1,2-diiodoethane 1,2-difluroethene 1,2-difluoroethene 1,1,2-trifluorothene Halohydrocarbons 16

17. The benzene ring is a common structure in organic molecules Molecular formula: C 6 H 6 Aromatic Structure 17

18. Aromatic Compounds With Functional Groups Benzoic acid 2 hydroxybenzoic acid 3 bromobenzoic acid 18

19. Functional Groups