1. Bus Lane Capacity1 BUS LANE CAPACITY

2. Bus Lane Capacity2 passengers/hour/direction 600015000 Bus Lane Tram / LRTMetro CAPACITY DEFAULTS 30 YEARS AGO

3. Bus Lane Capacity3 passengers/hour/direction BUS OPERATED AS TRAIN? 600015000 Bus Lane Tram / LRTMetro BRT 50000

4. Bus Lane Capacity4 BUS LANE CAPACITY

5. Bus Lane Capacity5 Bug Capacity Problem CAN WE FIND OUT HOW MANY BUGS FIT INSIDE A BOX? SURE! ALL WE NEED IS A PEN, PAPER AND SOME MINUTES

6. Bus Lane Capacity6 Bug Capacity Problem

7. Bus Lane Capacity7 Bug Capacity Problem

8. Bus Lane Capacity8 Bug Capacity Problem

9. Bus Lane Capacity9 Bug Capacity Problem 1,2,3… 17,18,19… 45,46,47… 101,108,111…

10. Bus Lane Capacity10 Bug Capacity Problem 3025,3026, 3027! 3027 BUGS! DID YOU JUST JUMP FROM 1890 TO 1981? DO YOU THINK SO? IF I DID, THERE ARE JUST…2937 BUGS!

11. Bus Lane Capacity11 Bug Capacity Problem OH, WE’LL NEVER KNOW A BOX CAPACITY… WHAT IF WE PLACE AN ELETRONIC BUG COUNTER AT DOOR? WHAT IF WE ASK FOR HELP?

12. Bus Lane Capacity12 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

13. Bus Lane Capacity13 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

14. Bus Lane Capacity14 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

15. Bus Lane Capacity15 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

16. Bus Lane Capacity16 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

17. Bus Lane Capacity17 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

18. Bus Lane Capacity18 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

19. Bus Lane Capacity19 BUS STOP - time delay space time bus 1 bus 2 time delayboarding bus 2boarding bus 1 t1*pas to

20. Bus Lane Capacity20 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

21. Bus Lane Capacity21 Boarding time Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) As boarding time decreases, capacity increases. Example: for 2 seconds of boarding time, capacity would be 1800 passengers/hour.

22. Bus Lane Capacity22 Renovation Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Renovation fraction: there’s more passengers in the bus than the ones actually boarding. Capacity increases as renovation decreases. Example: for 20% of passengers boarding, capacity in the whole system is five times bigger than boarding capacity.

23. Bus Lane Capacity23 Delay time Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Besides boarding time, there is a fixed delay between two buses (braking, opening and closing doors, departing, until the bus stop is free to another bus). This operation takes close to 10 seconds plus 1/6 seconds for each meter in bus length.

24. Bus Lane Capacity24 Bus capacity Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Delay time is calculated for each bus, so it must be divided by bus capacity in order to find average delay for each passenger. Each linear meter loads up to 10 passengers. Three linear meters are spent with motor, driver, doors. Example: an 18 m long bus has capacity for 150 passengers.

25. Bus Lane Capacity25 Saturation Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) A maximum operational degree of saturation (x) should be defined to avoid excessive delays at bus stops.

26. Bus Lane Capacity26 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

27. Bus Lane Capacity27 Bus Length vs capacity

28. Bus Lane Capacity28 Boarding time vs capacity

29. Bus Lane Capacity29 Speed vs saturation 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 speed (km/h) saturation 00.10.20.50.40.30.80.70.610.9 cars buses

30. Bus Lane Capacity30 Traveling time x saturation 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 increase saturation 00.10.20.50.40.30.80.70.610.9 cars buses

31. Bus Lane Capacity31 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

32. Bus Lane Capacity32 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

33. Bus Lane Capacity33 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

34. Bus Lane Capacity34 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

35. Bus Lane Capacity35 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

36. Bus Lane Capacity36 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

37. Bus Lane Capacity37 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

38. Bus Lane Capacity38 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

39. Bus Lane Capacity39 Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor. ABCABC

40. Bus Lane Capacity40 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

41. Bus Lane Capacity41 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

42. Bus Lane Capacity42 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

43. Bus Lane Capacity43 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

44. Bus Lane Capacity44 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

45. Bus Lane Capacity45 Bus convoy capacity Co= x * 3600 10+ L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) 8/N+2 * 3 2+N

46. Bus Lane Capacity46 Bus convoy capacity 26000 24000 22000 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 11.523.532.554.5465.5 bus lane capacity: passengers/hour-direction L=12 t1=.40 L=18 t1=.33 L=24 t1=.28 buses/convoy

47. Bus Lane Capacity47 Bus convoy capacity

48. Bus Lane Capacity48 Bus sub-stops ABC 70m Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is available.

49. Bus Lane Capacity49 Bus sub-stops ABC 70m Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is available.

50. Bus Lane Capacity50 Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops) Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Nsp=sub-stops number Nsp*

51. Bus Lane Capacity51 Express lines bus stop express A B C D E

52. Bus Lane Capacity52 Bus sub-stops & express lines A second lane allows express lines and multiple bays, which can be used according to passengers demand and bus flow requirements ABC 70m

53. Bus Lane Capacity53 Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops and express lines) Co= x * 3600 10+L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Nsp=sub-stops number Dir=Express buses fraction Nsp* *(1-Dir)

54. Bus Lane Capacity54 How to boost your bus corridor

55. Bus Lane Capacity55 Bug Capacity Problem AH, I GOT IT! TO CALCULATE THE VOLUME I NEED TO USE THIS FORMULA: V = A x B x C!

56. Bus Lane Capacity56 Bug Capacity Problem HEY, RED BUG! WE NEED TO FIND OUT THE BUG CAPACITY OF ANOTHER BOX! NO PROBLEM. I KNOW THE VOLUME FORMULA NOW. GIVE ME THE PROBLEM

57. Bus Lane Capacity57

58. Bus Lane Capacity58 Bug Capacity Problem GREAT! THEN I’LL TAKE THE MEASURES AND YOU CAN CALCULATE… EEEEEK!