2. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Chapter 10 Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System Slide 1 Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Slide 2 Orderly Function of the Circulatory System

4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Coronary artery disease : A condition involving the arteries that supply the myocardium, in which the arteries become narrowed due to atherosclerotic deposits over time, causing temporary cardiac ischemia and eventually heart attack : www.faqs.org/.../Cardiovascular-Disease.htmlwww.faqs.org/.../Cardiovascular-Disease.html

5. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Coronary Artery Disease (cont’d.) Myocardial infarction: (MI) - Death of myocardial tissue caused by the development of ischemia  Most common cause is coronary thrombosis. http://medirec.ncvc.go.jp/cgi-bin/get_file?FILE_NAME=S2004081157300002.jpg

6. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Hypertensive Heart Disease Hypertensive heart disease: A condition caused by chronically elevated pressure throughout the vascular system.  Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the U.S.  Essential hypertension  Malignant hypertension

7. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Congestive Heart Failure: An acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body www.heartcarecenters.com/images/CHF.jpg

8. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy: A noninflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of myocardium and ventricular dysfunction  three groups:  dilated - degeneration of myocardial fibers  hypertrophic - small left ventricle  restrictive - thickening of myocardium

9. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Rheumatic Fever Rheumatic fever: a systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving the joints and cardiac tissue  generally preceded by sore throat caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Cardiac Tamponade  Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition that requires hospitalization.

11. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Shock Shock: collapse of the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation and fluid shift accompanied by inefficient cardiac output Cardiogenic shock: inadequate output of blood by the heart when the myocardium fails to pump effectively

12. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Causes of Shock  anaphylaxis  hemorrhage  sepsis  respiratory distress  heart failure  neurologic failure  emotional catastrophe  severe metabolic insult

13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 The Vascular System www.siumed.edu/~dking2/bluehist/VesWall.jpg

14. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Vascular Conditions Arteriosclerosis: a condition that occurs when the walls of the arterioles thicken, with loss of elasticity and contractility Atherosclerosis: a thickening and hardening of the arteries that occurs when plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima

15. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Vascular Conditions Raynaud disease Varicose veins

16. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Blood Dyscrasias  Deviations or malfunctioning of the blood system  Sites of blood cell formation

17. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Blood Dyscrasias (cont’d.) Anemia: a condition in which there is a reduction in the quantity of either red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to the cells  Symptoms: fatigue, pale appearance  Diagnostic factors: reduced red blood cell numbers, reduced hemoglobin levels, changes in morphology of corpuscles

18. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Leukemias Malignant neoplasms of the blood-forming organs that produce an abnormal, uncontrolled clonal proliferation of one specific type of blood cell in the lymphoid or myeloid cell lines www.taconichills.k12.ny.us/.../Leukemiapic.gif

19. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction Transfusion incompatibility reaction: a condition that results when the blood or blood product transfused has antibodies to the recipient red blood cells or the recipient has antibodies to the donor’s red blood cells  Characteristics of the most severe transfusion reactions are hemolysis and agglutenation.

20. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Early Signs of Hemophilia  male child with:  unexplained prolonged bleeding  noticeable hematomas  easy bruising  excessive nose bleeds