1. Gregg Henriques, Ph.D. James Madison University henriqgx@jmu.edu Social Psych Class 5: The Regulation of Self and Emotions

2. Outline Discussion on the concept of emotion and regulation of self and emotion Articles –Broaden and Build –Emotional Regulation –Self-Regulation and Psychopathology Key concepts: –Clarity about what emotions are; terminology; mapping emotion regulation; the value of positive affect in building a strong life portfolio; self-regulation is like a muscle

3. Discussion Questions What are emotions? What models of emotions have you been exposed to? Think back on some memorable childhood events…did they involve emotion? Are there some emotions you are more comfortable with than others? Are you a nativist (meaning that you see emotions as largely part of our basic human structure) or a constructivists (meaning that you see emotions as learned and deeply shaped by culture)? What is the connection between emotion and thought? Between emotion and motivation? Do you engage in self-regulation? What are some examples? Do you engage in emotional regulation?

4. What is the essence of emotion? The subjective feeling, the bodily response, the expressive behaviors, the preparation to act? Nature of Emotion –Emotion vs Affect (Gross’s difference) –Emotion vs Mood Seconds/Minutes v. Hours/Days Clear Trigger v. Diffuse Many Shades v. Generally Good or Bad

5. What is an emotion?

6. Alertness Acceptance Affection Ambivalence Anger Angst Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Bitterness Boredom Calmness Contempt Confusion Depression Disappointment Disgust Doubt Ecstasy Embarrassment Emptiness Enmity Ennui Enthusiasm Envy Epiphany Fanaticism Fear Frustration Gratification Gratitude Grief Guilt Happiness Hate Homesickness Hope Horror Humiliation Jealousy Loneliness Love Lust Melancholia Panic Pity Pride Rage Regret Rejection Remorse Repentance Righteous indignation Self-pity Serenity Shame Shyness Suffering Surprise JUST A FEW HUMAN EMOTIONS?

7. Models and Features of Emotion James-Lange v. Cannon-Bard Theory Evolutionary Theory and Affective Neuroscience –Ekman and Panskeep Social Constructionist Views –Barret

8. Two Prominent Conceptions James-Lange Theory- the body reacts, then is labeled, which is the emotion "I see a man outside my window. I am afraid. My heart races." "I see a man outside my window. My heart races. I am afraid" Cannon- Bard—The emotional reaction occurs as a function of the perception

9. From The Emotional Brain, Ledoux, 1998

10. Evolutionary and Affective Neuroscience approaches Jaak Panskepp’s Approach

11. Universal Facial Expressions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h19Pzyq Oxxo

12. Emotions, the mind and the brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p12 Gw57ezek&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw2 yaozi0Gg&feature=related

13. A Basic Motive-Emotive Frame Work Consistent with BIT Pain/Avoidance Pleasure/Approach Active/ Spend Passive/ Conserve Fear Depression Desire Relaxation The above represents the basic structure of the behavioral/affect guidance systems. The 2 x 2 box is based on the two foundational dimensions of behavioral investment. One is whether to expend or conserve energy, the other is acquiring benefits or avoiding costs.

15. The Conceptual Act Model, Barrett et al

16. Two stage model A primary appraisal stage: unconscious, fast, automatic assessment of whether event is consistent with goals or not, positive or negative eval A secondary appraisal stage: more specific, deliberate appraisals transform initial pleasant or unpleasant into specific, complex emotions

17. Emotion and thought The Primary The Secondary

18. Emotion Regulation What is an emotion? Emotions as response tendencies Relations with other constructs Affect, emotion, emotion episodes, moods What is emotion regulation? –Malan Triangle, and Psychodynamic Precursors –Coping (problem solving and emotion focused) –The process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, to what intensity and how they are expressed.

19. 19 The Triangle of Conflict David Malan DEFENSES ANXIETY IMPULSE/ FEELING

23. A process model of emotion regulation Gross, 1998

25. The Broaden and Build Theory

28. Self-Regulation/Self-Control http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX-iXR_0uEU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfcro5iM5vw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTbAFm OdImY

30. Self-Control, relates to many forms of psychopathology TOTE; distinction between controlled an automatic processes Success in regulation: Standards, monitoring, strength Self-regulation operates like a muscle, a force to counteract the impulse Evidence comes from ego depletion studies