1. Stramenopiles

2. Synurophyceans (Silica-Scaled Algae) Photosynthetic Stramenopiles (Ochrophytes) Chrysophyceans (Golden Brown) Tribophyceans (Yellow-Green) Bacillariophyceans (Diatoms) Phaeophyceans (Brown Algae, Kelp, Rockweeds)

3. Brown Algae (Phaeophycean) Diversity Elachista Ectocarpus

4. Scytosiphon Brown Algae Diversity Hormosira

5. Brown Algae Diversity Fucus

6. Brown Algae Diversity Nereocystis

7. Streblonema Brown Algae Diversity Infected Macrocystis

8. Sexual Life Cycles I: Isomorphic Alternation of Generations EctocarpusScytosiphon Gametophyte (n) Sporophyte (2n)

9. Macrocystis Nereocystis Sexual Life Cycles II: Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations SargassumLaminaria Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) (Kelp)

10. Sexual Life Cycles III: Diplontic Fucus (Rockweed) (2n) (1n)

11. Asexual Reproduction (2n) (1n) Ectocarpus

12. Brown Algae Ecological Significance Productivity: Up to 1 kg C / m 2 / y (Graham et al. 2008)

13. Brown Algae Ecological Significance 10

14. Point Lobos State Preserve, CA (just south of Monterrey CA) Brown Algae Viewing Sites

16. Brown Algae Economic Significance

17. Alginate

18. Fig. 14.19 in Graham et al. 2008 Growth Patterns: Diffuse (Non-Localized) Growth Chorda filum

19. Growth Patterns: Apical Cell (Filamentous)

20. Growth Patterns: Apical Cell (Filament Bundles = Pseudoparenchyma) Desmarestia

21. Growth Patterns: Apical Meristem (Apical Meristem - Parenchyma)

22. Growth Patterns: Lateral Growth (Meristoderm)

23. Brown Algal Tissue Differentiation: Epidermis, Cortex and Medulla Figs. 17.15 in Lee 1999 Laminaria

24. Brown Algae Sugar Conducting Cells: (Trumpet Hyphae) Figs. 14.45, 14.46 in Graham et al. 2008

25. Brown Algae Organ Differentiation (Holdfast, Stipe, Blade)

26. Brown Algae Organ Differentiation (Pneumatocysts= Bladders) Macrocystis Sargassum Nereocystis

27. 7 Brown Algae Organ Differentiation

28. Brown Algal Cell Structure

29. 1 Cell Structure: Cell Wall

30. Brown Algal Cell Wall Characteristics: Plasmodesmata

31. Na + K+K+ Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cell Wall Components I: Alginate Alginate

32. 3 Cell Wall Components II:

33. Cell Wall Components I: Sulphated Polysaccharides

34. 21 Brown Algae Herbivore Defenses: Physodes (Containing Tannins)

35. Fig. 12.5 in Graham et al. 2008 Brown Algae Plastids (PER)

36. Fig. 12.5 in Graham et al. 2008 Brown Algae Plastids (PER) Plastid Membranes

37. Brown Algae Pigments I

38. 6 Beta-Carotene Fucoxanthin Brown Algae Pigments II

39. 8 Brown Algae Plastid: Pyrenoid

40. Brown Algae Storage Product: Laminarin Beta (1 – 3) Linkages

41. Brown Algae Cell Division

42. Brown Algal Cell Division (2n) (1n) Ectocarpus

43. Brown Algae Semi-Closed Mitosis

44. Brown Algal Cell Division: Cytokinesi s

45. Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) X Brown Algal Life Cycles

46. Fig. 14.23 in Graham et al. 2008 Isomorphic Alternation of Generations (Ectocarpus) Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Spore (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

47. 11 12 Sporophyte Gametophyte Pleurilocular Gametangium Unilocular Sporangium Ectocarpus

48. Female Gametangium Male Gametangium Pheromone (= Sex Hormone) (e.g., Ectocarpene)

49. Ectocarpus: Asexual Reproduction

50. Sporophyte (2n) Ectocarpus Summary Gametophyte (1n)

51. 13 Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria) 14 Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

52. Unilocular Sporangium Gametangia Sporophyte (2n)Gametophyte (n) Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria)

53. 15 Fucus (Air Bladders, Receptacles)

54. Diplontic (2n) Life Cycle: Fucus Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

55. Diplontic (2n) Life Cycle: Fucus 16 17 Conceptacles, Ostiole, Female Gametangia, Male Gametangia Male GametangiaFemale Gametangia Gametes (n) Fucus

56. Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) X Brown Algal Life Cycles

57. 18 Stramenopiles: Phaeophyceae 19

58. 1 http://www.seaweed.ie/uses_ireland/images/irish_128.jpg 2 http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/images/desktop_backgrounds/1024_768/ dive_site_directory_kelp_forest.jpg 3 http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Synura_Key306.jpg 4 http://users.utu.fi/hlehto/photo/micro/tanska/mikro_394_9484_ochromonas.jpg 5 http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Tribonema_Key245.jpg 6 http://www.urbanrivers.org/drawingdiatoms/diatom2.jpg 7 http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/images/habitats/kelpai.jpg

59. 8 http://sbc.lternet.edu/sites/images/Macrocystisdistr485.jpg 9 http://www.birdsasart.com/Sea-Otter-meeting-in-kelp-_J7X0094- Konuji-Island,-Kodiak-AK.jpg 10 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/pix/sv/mba/KelpForest-m.jpg 11 http://www.tiranti.co.uk/data/Photos/AlginateKit.jpg 12 http://img.products.howstuffworks.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/ pr/177X150/00/02/1f/ef/8b/35647371.JPG 13 http://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/contractor_images/fmc/ 1_cezanne.jpg 14 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/marine/algae/Ectocarpus3.jpg 15 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/ 2008-Ectocarpus-siliculosus.jpg

60. 16 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/cellulose.gif 17 http://www.kjemi.uio.no/Polymerkjemi/Research/alginate.jpg 18 http://blog.khymos.org/wp-content/2006/09/calcium-alginate.jpg 19 http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/images/ heparin.gif 20 http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosN-R/ plasmodesma.jpg 21 http://www.quickonthenet.com/2006/9379/pix/gallery/tannin850.jpg 22 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo44/ectoca60.jpg