1. POWER GENERATION MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY PLASMA ARC GASIFICATION Kaveish Bioenergy (P) Ltd No.62,Puthu mariamman Kovil Street, Ellaipillaichavadi,Puducherry-605 005,INDIA Email- info@kaveishbioenergy.com Website: www.kaveishbioenergy.cominfo@kaveishbioenergy.com

2. Origin of PLASMA

3. History of Plasma Technology Late 1800’s: Plasma Arc Heater Developed For Metal Industry Early 1900’s: Plasma Heaters Used In The Chemical Industry 1950’s : Plasma Arc Cutting & Welding 1960’s : Used To Simulate Heat Of Spacecraft Re-entry 1990’s : Plasma Arc Utilized In Steel Mill Operations 1991: Plasma Research Facility Founded at Georgia Tech 1998: Plasma Municipal Solid Waste Plant Operational In Japan Today: Used in Industrial Plants Worldwide – Chemical Industry – Metallurgical Industry – Waste/Environment Industry

4. Plasma Gasification: Goals  Eliminate The Need For Landfills  Reduce Solid Waste Effects On The Environment (GHG, air toxins, leachate pollution).  Harvest Energy & By-Products From Waste  Help with the energy demand  Save and protect underground water

5. What is PLASMA? Sun and Lightning is an example from nature 90 80 70 60 50 East 40 West 30 North 20 10 0 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Qtr Qtr

6. Plasma Gasification vs Incineration

7. The Plasma Torch

8. Vitrification of MSW

9. Temperature Profile Exit Gas, 900-1000 C Coke Bed, 1800- 4000 C Torch Plume, > 5000 C Slag Pool, 1500- 1800 C

10. Wastes handled by Plasma

11. Process Flow

12. Trial with Hazardous Waste ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr10 KW Out put power/hr52 KW Net power output/hr 42 KW Syngas produced51 m3/hr Slag produced100 kgs Power output= 1 MW/ton

13. Trial with Biomedical Waste ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr20 KW Output power/hr80 KW Net power output/hr68 KW Syngas produced87 m3/hr Slag produced80 kgs Power output = 1.6 MW/ton

14. Trial with Oil Sludge ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr32 KW Out put power/hr125 KW Net power output/hr93 KW Syngas produced126 m3/hr Slag produced63 kgs Power output= 2.2 MW/ton

15. Trial with Tires ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr20 KW Output power/hr98 KW Net power output/hr78 KW Syngas produced97 m3/hr Slag produced120 kgs Power output= 1.8 MW/ton

16. Trial with Plastics ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr30 KW Out put power/hr120 KW Net power output/hr90 KW Syngas produced118 m3/hr Slag produced60 kgs Power output= 2.1 MW/ton

17. Trial with MSW (20% moisture) ParametersResults Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Input power/hr35 KW Out put power/hr66 KW Net power output/hr31 KW Syngas produced65 m3/hr Slag produced130 kgs Power output= 0.7 MW/ton-0.6 MW/ton

18. Vitrification of Flyash ParametersTCLP Results Feed rate1 TPD (42 kgs/hr) ModeContinuous Heavy metals in ppmFlyashSlagLimit Cd1430.0210.3 Cu36400.3323 Zn28690.431- As0.3340.0321.5 Se1.330.022- Pb11.191.1983.0 Cr1.170.0041.5 Density, kg/m33202770 Feed/slag output in kgs1000600 Plasma power= 1000 Kwh/ton Volume reduction: 11:1

19. Yield for different Feed Stocks MW

20. Zero Waste Scenario 5 Hectares Soil Pollution Air pollution Water Pollution Methane emissions Incinerator Power is produced 500 KWhr Air pollution (Dioxins + furans) Ash – 7.5 tons/day Hazardous Hazardous landfill Power is produced 600 KWhr No air pollution Vitrified slag – 2.5 tons/day For construction, laying roads Plasma Gasifier For a typical 25 TPD 1000 m2 area required for 25 TPD

21. Energy Generation from Different Procedures 544 571 685 816

22. Plasma Gasifier Feedstock Shredder Plasma torch Slag quench ID fan Packed bed scrubber Gas filter Water filter Caustic dosing Cooling tower To gas engine g a s in Gas out Hopper Typical Process flow diagram Biodrying Catalytic cracker Mini Boiler Conveyor Magnetic separator

23. Typical Composition of Syngas Hydrogen44% CO42% Nitrogen2% CO28% CH43.20% O20.30% Acetylene0.20% Ethylene0.10% Others0.10%

24. Emissions ParametersUnitsUS EPA standards EPA standards Plasma emissio ns Noxppmvd15025035-40 PMmg/dscm20-2434<5 SO2ppmvd3055<2 HClppmvd2515<10 COppmvd10040<20 HgMicro g/dscm 50-8055<2 PCDD/PCDFNano g/dscm 13-30250

25. Byproducts from MSW and Coal Ash Molten Stream Processing (Product) Air Cooling (Gravel) Water Cooling (Sand) Water Cooling (Metal Nodules) Spinning Machines (“Plasma Wool”) Salable Product Uses Coarse Aggregate (roads, concrete, asphalt) Fine Aggregate (construction products) Recyclable Metals Insulation, Agriculture, Oil Spill Cleanup

26. “Black Gold” Tile Proved Superior to Recycle Glass Tile Product

27. Vitrified Slag TCLP METALEPA LIMIT CONCENTRATION (mg/l) MEASURED CONCENTRATION (mg/l) Arsenic5<0.1 Barium100<0.5 Cadmium1<0.02 Chromium5<0.2 Lead5<0.2 Mercury0.2<0.01 Selenium1<0.1 Silver5<0.5

28. Typical Emissions in a Power Plant FUELCO 2 SO 2 NO x MSW Incineration 1 29880.85.4 Coal 1 2249136 Oil 1 1672124 Natural Gas 1 11350.11.7 MSW Plasma Gasification1419<1.0<2.0 1 Based of EPA Data 2 Based on Empirical Data Note: Information supplied by Lou Circeo, Phd, Georgia Tech Research Institute

29. Potential GHG Offset  GHG Emissions from Coal  2-3 tons CO 2 per ton of coal combusted  For every ton of MSW processed in a plasma plant, up to 2 tons of CO 2 is reduced from the atmosphere.  Reduced methane emissions from not landfilling  the wastes  Reduced CO 2 from reduced coal combustion-to- electricity

30. Advantages  Gasification Technology Performing at Atmospheric Pressure, Elevated Temperature and High Plant Availability  Capable of Utilizing Integrated Mixed Waste and/or Coal Fines/Waste as Feed  Compact and Modular  Non-Polluting and Environmentally Safe  High Recovery of Clean Renewable Energy as Electricity  Economically Competitive  Proven Technology

31. Odor Neutralization

32. Storage of MSW

33. Sorting of MSW

34. Equipment

35. Our Standard Models 1TPD1TPD 2TPD2TPD 5 TPD 10 TPD 25 TPD

36. Completed Projects Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Durgapur, West Bengal, India Indian Tobacco Company (ITC), Assam, India Under Progress and Upcoming Projects TATA Steel,India Asian Paints,India Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Kathmandu, Nepal Colombo Metropolitan City, Colombo, Sri Lanka AV Technologies Inc, Canada

37. The Fact

38. THANK YOU