1. Invaders The Mongols, Vikings, and Muslims 11.213.2

2. The Mongols Nomads from Central Asia Nomads from Central Asia Pastoralists – herded livestock Pastoralists – herded livestock Also traded or raided from othersAlso traded or raided from others Fearsome warriors and horsemen Fearsome warriors and horsemen 1200s-1300s 1200s-1300s

3. The Mongols Led by khans Led by khans Greatest khan was Temujin Greatest khan was Temujin Took title “Genghis Khan” (“Universal Ruler”) United the Mongols United the Mongols

4. The Mongol Empire

5. The Mongols Mongol Empire split into 4 khanates Mongol Empire split into 4 khanates Golden Horde- led by Batu Khan (Russia, Eastern Europe)Golden Horde- led by Batu Khan (Russia, Eastern Europe) Khanate of the Great Khan- led by Kublai Khan (China and Mongolia)Khanate of the Great Khan- led by Kublai Khan (China and Mongolia) Ilkhanate (Persia)Ilkhanate (Persia) Chagatai (Central Asia)Chagatai (Central Asia)

6. Mongol Empire Mongols used terror and intimidation to conquer people Mongols used terror and intimidation to conquer people Strong, fast-moving military Strong, fast-moving military Demanded tribute from conquered people Demanded tribute from conquered people

7. Mongol Empire Pax Mongolia- “Mongolian Peace” Pax Mongolia- “Mongolian Peace” Tolerant of other religions and culturesTolerant of other religions and cultures Guarded trade routesGuarded trade routes

8. Kublai Khan (1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan Grandson of Genghis Khan Ruled in China Ruled in China established the Yuan dynasty 1279-1368

9. Yuan Dynasty Discrimination against Chinese under Yuan dynasty Discrimination against Chinese under Yuan dynasty Marco Polo – wrote about China for Europeans Marco Polo – wrote about China for Europeans

10. Invasion of Japan Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice 1274 – Mongol fleet attacked; destroyed by a storm; 10,000 Mongols died 1281 – 2 Mongol fleets attack again; another storm destroys the fleet Japanese call the storms kamikaze, or “divine wind”

11. The End of the Yuan Dynasty Defeat by the Japanese weakens Mongols Defeat by the Japanese weakens Mongols Chinese resented the Mongols Chinese resented the Mongols Kublai Khan died; successors fought each other Kublai Khan died; successors fought each other Chinese overthrew the Yuan in 1368 Chinese overthrew the Yuan in 1368

12. The Vikings (13.2) Raiders from Northern Europe Raiders from Northern Europe Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark)Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) Also called NorsemenAlso called Norsemen Agricultural Agricultural Poor farmingPoor farming Good fishingGood fishing Turned to raids to get suppliesTurned to raids to get supplies

13. The Vikings Excellent sailors and navigators Excellent sailors and navigators Raided places like Raided places like EnglandEngland FranceFrance RussiaRussia ConstantinopleConstantinople

14. Viking Raids Vikings attacked coasts and river towns Vikings attacked coasts and river towns No warning No warning Plundered valuable items Plundered valuable items Defenders were killed or sold into slavery Defenders were killed or sold into slavery

15. Viking Exploration Vikings established settlements in North America Vikings established settlements in North America Iceland Greenland Canada Normandy (France)

16. Muslims in Europe 711 – Muslim army begins conquest of Spain 711 – Muslim army begins conquest of Spain Ruled Spain for 700 yearsRuled Spain for 700 years Under Muslims rule, Christians, Jews, and Muslims lived in peaceUnder Muslims rule, Christians, Jews, and Muslims lived in peace 732 – Muslims attack France 732 – Muslims attack France Stopped at the Battle of ToursStopped at the Battle of Tours

17. Muslim Raids Attacked towns in France and Italy Attacked towns in France and Italy Raided Rome and ConstantinopleRaided Rome and Constantinople Muslim pirates disrupted shipping in the Mediterranean Muslim pirates disrupted shipping in the Mediterranean