1. Carbohydrates!

2. Structure S tructure C, H, O/ 1:2:1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (CH 2 O)x many isomers Function ENERGY!!! Cell signaling Structural material

3. Types of Carbs 1.Monosaccharides - single monomer many isomers 2.Disaccharides – 2 monosaccharides **3-10 = oligosaccharides** 3.Polysaccharide – 100’s - 1,000’s monosaccharides sugar

4. Classifying sugar Most names end in -ose Classified by # carbons 6C = hexose (glucose) 5C = pentose (ribose) 3C = triose (glyceraldehyde ) OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O Glucose H OH HO O H H H Ribose CH 2 OH Glyceraldehyde H H H H OH O C C C 6 5 3

5. Functional groups

6. Structure determines function!!!! 5C & 6C sugars form rings in solution What is the medium that makes up most cells? What do you notice about each carbon in the ring?

7. Numbering! C CC C C C 1' 2'3' 4' 5' 6' O energy stored in C-C bonds harvested in cellular respiration

8. Saccharide Synthesis dehydration synthesis builds polymers glycosidic linkage (C-O-C) | glucose | glucose | maltose H2OH2O

9. Polysaccharides Classified by composition & function homopolysaccharides – same monomer Ex: starch, glycogen (glucose) Heterosaccharides – different monomers Ex: hyaluronic acid (D-glucuronic acid & D-N-acetylglucosamine) found in connective tissue

10. And by function… 1.cell identity - glycoproteins have carb tail identifying each cell 2.Energy storage – can be hydrolyzed to form ATP 1.Starch (plants) 2.Glycogen (animals) 3.Structure – chains bind for support 1.Cellulose (cell walls) 2.Chitin (exoskeleton, fungi)

11. Role of Shape starch glycogen energy storage slow release fast release

12. Starch vs. Cellulose starch easy to digest enzyme cellulose hard to digest only bacteria can digest

13. Fight for Fiber!

14. Providing Structure Chitin Peptidoglycan