1. Graphic Design Research Maps and Artists.

30. Rauschenberg was preoccupied with a lessening reliance of his art on ordered indexical qualities. He looked to create meaning solely through the use of conventional symbols. The symbolic beginning of pop art in 1953 was interpreted by some as a rejection of the individualism of the abstract expressionists. His works, like Jasper John ’ s flag – which was primarily a visual object, divorced itself from its symbolic connotations and reduced itself to something in-itself! Jasper Johns ’ early works were composed using simple schema such as flags, maps, targets, letters and numbers. Johns is known for incorporating encaustic and plaster relief in his paintings. He played with paradoxes and ironies – he also produced intaglio prints, sculptures and lithographs.

31. Schwitters ‘ work ’ s were usually collages that incorporated found objects, such as bus tickets, old wire and fragments of newsprint. Sculpture and sound poems were also used; these would later been known as installations. His art changed dramatically as a result of the First World War with Germans economic, political and military collapse. Art had to be made out of fragments – it was a revolution within his art. During Rauschenberg ’ s studies he moonlighted as a garbage man – hence his interest in found objects. He began to incorporate them into his paintings they became the spatial ‘ combine painting ’. He used newspaper clippings, objects found in the street and beach and stuffed animals. The sources of his inspiration came from the Dadaists.

32. Canyon 1959 Monogram 1959 Rauschenberg worked with Jasper Johns on ’ Eighteen happenings in six parts ’. From 1962 he made use of screen printing technique using natural dyes and drawing his attention to natural dyes to demonstrate environmental protection.