1. NARSTO PM Assessment NARSTO PM Assessment Chapter 5: Spatial and Temporal Pattern TOC Introduction Data Global Pattern NAM Dust NAM Smoke NAM Haze NAM Total PM Local PM Total PM and Haze Pattern over N. America TOCIntroductionDataGlobal PatternNAM DustNAM SmokeNAM Total PM Section Contents Fine and Coarse PM Concentration - IMPROVE Chemical Speciation of the Fine Mass PM2.5 Concentration – FRM AIRS Seasonal PM2.5 Concentration – FRM AIRS Seasonal Visibility Trends Maps 1980-1995 Eastern US Visibility Trends

2. Shenandoah

3. Peripheral Sites Badlands (scale 0-15 ug/m3) Big Bend (scale 0-15 ug/m3) Voyageurs (scale 0-15 ug/m3) Acadia Everglades

4. Upper BuffaloMammuth CaveShining Rock G.Smoky Mtn. Sipsy

5. Mid-Atlantic Region Shenandoah Washington DCBrigantine Dolly SodsJefferson

6. New England Region Lye Brook MoosehornAcadia Proctor Maple Ringwood

7. Upper Midwest Badlands Voyageurs

8. TX, NM Chiricahua Bandelier White RiverGuadalupe Big Bend

9. TX, NM Tonto Petrified For.Saguaro Chiricahua

10. TX, NM Tonto Petrified For.Saguaro Chiricahua

11. Idaho Tonto Three SistersYellowstone Bridger Jawbridge Great Basin

12. California - Background Bliss State (2043 m) Lessen (1800 m) Crater Lake (1980 m) Point Reyes (38 m, Beach)

13. California - Perturbed Yosemite S. Lake TahoeSequoia San Gorgonio Pinnacles

14. Northwest - Perturbed Abbotsford (0 m) Chilliwack (9 m) Puget Sound (99 m) Columbia River (90 m) Mt. Rainier (436 m)

15. Remote ‘Global’ Sites Denali (640 m) Virgin Islands (46 m) Mauna Loa (3398 m)

16. Fine and Coarse PM Concentration Based on IMPROVE, See Sisler & MalmIMPROVESisler & Malm The remote IMPROVE sites show that the annual average Fine Mass is highest over the Eastern US (> 10 ug/m3). The Coarse particle mass is (PM10-PM2.5) is highest along the coast and in the ‘dust belt’ from Texas to the Dakotas.

17. Chemical Speciation of the Fine Mass Based on IMPROVEIMPROVE See Sisler & MalmSisler & Malm Over the remote Eastern US, sulfates dominate the Fine Mass The Southeast is also influenced by ‘smoke’ (organics+LAC) and dust. Over the West, organics, nitrates and dust dominate

18. Seasonal Composition Western US

19. PM2.5 Concentration – FRM AIRS There is about one year of data available from the new EPA FRM PM2.5 network. Most of the sites are near urban areas with some regional coverage. The highest annual PM2.5 concentrations (>21 ug/m3) are seen over the air basins of California. A much broader region of high PM2.5 (>15 ug/m3) covers the mid-section of Eastern US.

20. Seasonal PM2.5 Concentration – FRM AIRS The East, the PM2.5 concentrations peak in the summer season. In the PM2.5 ‘hotspots’ of California and Oregon, the highest fine particle levels occur in the cold season, November-February

21. Seasonal Visibility Trends Maps 1980-1995 In the period 1980-95, the visibility has improved throughout the US.

22. Eastern US Visibility Trends Trends of the summertime 90 th and 75 th percentile light extinction for the eastern, northeastern and southeastern U.S. from 1980-95. The confidence level for each trend is based on the two sided Student's t-distribution. 90 th Percentile - Top Trends 75 th Percentile - Bottom Trends