1. W RITING I NTRODUCTIONS AND C ONCLUSIONS CM 107: Unit 8 Seminar Wednesday, March 21 Dr. Carter  You should be hearing music. If you don’t, please check your audio.  Feel free to chat until the music stops near the top of the hour. This session is held 7-8 pm EDT. Once the seminar starts, please keep all comments relevant to the class topic.

2. Are there any questions from Units 1-7? What’s the difference between revising and editing? Where do you go to find guides to APA document and citation format?

3. I NTRODUCTIONS Introductions: Engage attention Provide background and definition of topic, State the thesis in one or two sentence at the very ends of the paragraph. A thesis does not strictly have to come at the end of the introduction, but it often does.

4. F IELD TRIP TO W RITING C ENTER http://kucampus.kaplan.eduhttp//kucampus.kapl an.edu/DocumentStore/kupDocs/pdf/WritingCent er/process/Introductions_and_Conclusions.pdf

5. I NTRODUCTION E XAMPLE Example introduction: Attention engager, topic background, and thesis. When the world met the first printing press in the fifteenth century, few people may have realized the power of the printed word. In the twenty-first century, with, for example, over 250 million copies of the Harry Potter books having been sold, one can hardly deny the success of leisure reading (Howell, 2005). However, a new giant looms on the horizon of this popular pastime. Internet publishing has grown from a small-time enterprise to a completely viable form of seeing one’s work in print or online (Johnson, 2006). What has spurred the success of Internet publishers such a Lulu.com and X-Libris.com? Many writers choose to publish virtually because they will be represented by major booksellers, have little or no start-up costs, and have almost no chance of being rejected.

6. C ONCLUSION Conclusions provide a summary of the entire essay—they are a moment for the reader to reconsider what they read. Restate thesis (not the same sentence), wrap up major ideas, close the essay while keeping the reader engaged.

7. C ONCLUSION E XAMPLE Example conclusion: restate thesis, sum up key points’ importance, and close the circle This lack of rejection, along with economic concerns and the promise of unparalleled marketing, inspires today’s authors to give Internet publishing a chance. After all, who would not be drawn to a world that promises no more rejection letters? In addition, the challenged finances of most beginning authors make the low cost of virtual publication even more attractive. Finally, writers who dream of seeing their names in the author lists of major-market book vendors often have no problem choosing to abandon the traditional print publishers for more immediate success. Therefore, the Internet-publishing revolution is similar to the fifteenth-century printing revolution. Movable type replaced hand-written books. Now, the computer screen and the print-on- demand order form have changed the world of publication.

8. AS YOU EDIT... Keep in mind that a sentence does not have to be brief to be effective; long sentences can be worthwhile, too. In fact, an essay’s sentence length and structure should vary. Some sentences should be brief and others should be longer. Punctuation and the “sound” of sentences—the rhythm and pacing, how they start, how they end—should vary. However, every word should be necessary.

9. PARAGRAPH WITH TOO MANY SHORT SENTENCES Autism may be caused by injections. Specifically, the injections given to infants are suspect. Booster shots for tetanus, measles, and Diphtheria may contain thermasol. Thermasol is a preservative made with mercury (Tyson, 2004). Preservatives are added to give the drugs a longer shelf life. Some bodies are not able to process mercury. This may put those people at risk for developing autism at “a rate of more than 500%, particularly those with a familial tendency toward autism” (Jackson, 2006, p.7).

10. PARAGRAPH WITH TOO MANY LONG SENTENCES It seems impossible to not see the link between injections for children and the rise of autism in our country. Because American children receive a host of preventative inoculations such as measles/mumps/rubella, diphtheria/tetanus, chicken pox, and hepatitis, many experts believe the quality and quantity of the injections are problematic in the long term. With millions of dollars of profit at risk, pharmaceutical companies are choosing to include a mercury preservative that gives these injections a longer shelf life. Thermasol, the mercury preservative in question, leaves a residue behind in the system, and in particular the nervous system (Tyson, 2004). Interrupting the way the way the brain and nerves grow puts people at risk for developing autism at “a rate of more than 500%, particularly those with a familial tendency toward autism” (Jackson, 2006, p.7).

11. PARAGRAPH WITH A BALANCE It seems impossible to not see the link between injections for children and the rise of autism in our country. Specifically, the injections given to infants are suspect. Because American children receive a host of preventative inoculations such as measles/mumps/rubella, diphtheria/tetanus, chicken pox, and hepatitis, many experts believe the quality and quantity of the injections are problematic in the long term. Thermasol is a preservative made with mercury (Tyson, 2004). Preservatives are added to give the drugs a longer shelf life. Some bodies are not able to process mercury and the nervous system suffers. Interrupting the way the way the brain and nerves grow puts people at risk for developing autism at “a rate of more than 500%, particularly those with a familial tendency toward autism” (Jackson, 2006, p.7).