1. 14. A.What is a sacrament? B.What is a tithe? C. What is cannon law? D. What is interdict?

2. A. It is an outward sign that conveys something spiritual. Ex: Baptism or confession B. This represents a 10% tax that all people paid to the church during the middle ages. C. laws of the Catholic Church D. Penalty on receiving sacraments and other church activities.

3. 15. Why were William the Conqueror and Henry II of England important? 15.

4. William, Duke of Normandy, took over England after his victory at the Battle Of Hastings in 1066. He wrote the Domesday Book that outlined all areas of England’s land. He was brutal against his enemies. Henry II put forth the “Royal Courts” of England to centralize the nation-state. Cases were based on Common Law and a jury system was set up.

5. 16. Describes the changes that occurred during the agricultural and commercial revolutions.

6. Agricultural Revolution: New Technology-harness for the horse, iron plow, and the wind mill. The Three-Field System Increases Population and food supply

7. Commercial Revolution Banking services-money exchange was set up. Rise of towns and trade routes-new merchant class becomes wealthy. Guilds are set up: quality standards for skilled workers and products. Serfdom declines.

8. 17. What is the Magna Carta—”the great charter?”

9. This provided a limit on royal power in England. Nobles or barons received more political influence. Jury system was official. More voice in tax matters (depended on the King)

10. 18. Describe the fight over lay investiture.

11. Lay investiture was the appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals. The Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV was appointing bishops. Pope Gregory VII objected and challenged him.

12. What was the outcome? Discuss the Concordat of Worms. Henry IV was excommunicated. He was forced to live in exile until his death. Pope Gregory could not resolve the issue. The Concordat of Worms (1122) settled the issue on paper—Appointments and investiture were done by the clergy.