1. Review Oxidation Number More on Ionic Bonds Dots & Covalent Bonds Single, Double, Triple Diatomic Bonds More Nomenclature

2. Review Electronegativity – ability to attract electrons Octet Rule- atoms want 8 electrons in the outershell Ionic Bonds- cation and anion (metal & non-metal) strong Metallic Bonds- metals in a “sea” of electrons Covalent Bonds- electron sharing (2 non-metals) Weaker Polar- not symmetrical (unequal electron sharing) Non-polar symmetrical (equal electron sharing)

3. Oxidation Number The charge on an element when the valance shell electrons have been removed (low electronegative elements.. Metals) OR The charge on an element that will complete the valance shell (octet rule) (high electronegative elements …. Non-metals) Na 1+ low electronegativity (+) Cl 1- high electronegativity (-)

4. More on Bonds How do you know how many H there are in water? Use the oxidation numbers and create a neutral compound H2O NH3

5. Nomenclature- Polyatomic Ions AmmoniumNH 4 1+ AcetateC 2 H 3 O 2 1- ChlorateClO 3 1- Hydrogen CarbonateHCO 3 1- HydroxideOH 1- NitrateNO 3 1- NitriteNO 2 1- CarbonateCO 3 2- SulfateSO 4 2- SulfiteSO 3 2- Phosphate PO 4 3-

6. Dots & Covalent Bonds Mainly used in covalent bonding, to show electron sharing 1) Write element symbol 2) Determine number of valance electrons 3) Use only valance shell electrons 4) Space electron dots Example: Li Be B C N O F Ne

7. Dots- Single, Double, Triple Ionic Bonds: electron transfer NaCl Single Bond- 1 shared pair of electrons CH4 Double Bond- 2 shared pairs of electrons CO2 Triple Bond- 3 shared pairs of electrons N2

8. Diatomic Elements One element bonded covalently together Ex. Cl2 & F2 (1 pair shared = single bond) Ex. O2 (2 pairs shared = double bond) Ex. N2 (3 pairs shared = triple bond) Ex. H2 (single bond but octet rule does not apply)

9. Nomencature PreFix Number Indicated mono-1 di2 tri-3 tetra-4 penta-5 PreFix Number Indicated hexa-6 hepta-7 octa-8 nona-9 deca-10

10. EXTRA-Nomenclature SuffixMeaningExample -ideIon has only one element NaCL sodium chloride -atemost common number of O NClO3 sodium chlorate -iteone less ONaClO2 sodium chlorite -icending for acids in the –ate form HClO3 chloric acid -ousending for acids in the –ite form HClO2 chlorous acid PreFixMeaningExample hypo-one less O than –ite NaOCL Sodium hypochlorite per-one more O than –ate H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide Prefix and Suffix MeaningExample hypo- -icAcid with no O HCL hydrochloric acid

11. Nomenclature- 7 Acids and 1 Base Hydrochloric acidHCL Nitric acidHNO 3 Acetic acidHC 2 H 3 O 2 Perchloric acidHClO 4 Carbonic acidHCO 3 Sulfuric acidH 2 SO4 Phosphoric acidH 3 PO 4 AmmoniaNH 3