1. Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources Arc Hydro –Networks and the Framework –Drainage systems –Channels –Time Series –Modeling David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin

2. Geographic Data Model Conceptual Model – a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it Mathematical Model – a conceptual model expressed in equations Data Model – a conceptual model expressed in a data structure Geographic Data Model – a data model for describing and reasoning about the world

3. Hydrologic Information System Hydrologic Modeling Arc Hydro Geodatabase

4. GIS in Water Resources Consortium Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model Arc Hydro design took 3 years from 1999 - 2002 GIS CRWR Water Resources

5. Flow Time Time Series HydrographyHydro Network Channel System Drainage System Arc Hydro Data Model

7. ArcGIS Hydro Data Model Hydrography Hydrology

8. Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Data Model Based on Inventory

9. Data Model Based on Behavior Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

10. Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

11. National Hydro Data Programs http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html National Elevation Dataset (NED) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Watershed Boundary DatasetElevation Derivatives for National Application (EDNA)

13. Streams WatershedsWaterbody HydroPoints Arc Hydro Framework Input Data

14. Arc Hydro Framework

15. Arc Hydro Framework dataset for USA at 1:500,000 scale Built from USGS and National Weather Service data MonitoringPoints are USGS stream gaging stations Arc Hydro USA

16. Arc Hydro Applied to an Urban Subdivision Building lot Grassy swale Storm sewer

17. Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe Basin

18. HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake Generic Junction (for topological connection of edges) Flowlines through water body

19. Network Tracing Upstream Tracing Downstream Tracing

20. HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship

21. Scales of representation of Drainage Systems Basins – drainage areas for water resources management Catchments – subdivision of Basin into elementary drainage areas by physical rules Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells Watersheds – subdivision of Basin for a particular hydrologic purpose

22. NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding) EPA TMDL Segments (water quality) TNRCC water availability points (water supply) Guadalupe HydroNetwork Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin

23. Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints

24. Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet

25. Regional Analysis HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow through large regions Digital elevation model for terrain analysis within basins

26. Guadalupe Network Study area only 1.4 km!

27. 1/2 meter Digital Ortho Photography Study Area (Guadalupe river near Seguin, TX)

28. Boat setup for data collection

29. Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler Provides full profiles of water velocity and direction in the ocean, rivers, and lakes. Also used for discharge, scour and river bed topography.

30. The electronic depth sounder operates in a similar way to radar It sends out an electronic pulse which echoes back from the bed. The echo is timed electronically and transposed into a reading of the depth of water. Depth Sounder (Echo Sounder)

31. Differential GPS: Bank to Boat GPS gives the location of each point collected in terms of latitude and longitude. Two locations for differential GPS.

32. Channel Data Each point has (x,y,z)

33. Interpolation Points are interpolated in ArcMap to produce a continuous surface.

34. FishNet (2D) FishNet is generated in ArcMap using FishNet tool in ArcGIS.

35. 3D Visualization in ArcScene

36. Centerline Define the centerline such that it joins the center of flow (area) at each cross section.

37. Measure in ArcGIS 0 54.37 154.41 281.36 A PolylineM can store m-values at each vertex along with x and y coordinates. Measures are assigned in meters

38. Coordinate Transformation m is measure along the centerline r is distance across the river from the centerline Sinuous river becomes straight when transformed into (m,r) co-ordinates.

39. Coordinate Transformation Sinuous river Profile line and cross-sections Straightened river

40. Straightened River in 3D

41. Data back to x,y coordinates Original river in X,Y Profile lines and cross-sections in (x,y) created using FishNet in (m,r).

42. Profile Lines and Cross Sections in 3D Bird’s eye view!

43. Integrated Terrain Database Currently Being Developed by ESRI for ArcGIS

44. Traditional TIN Terrain Data stored in the geodatabase as points, lines and polygons Integrated Terrain Database Easy to visualize and analyze

45. 30m DEM Data sources for Terrain Input data include everything from coarse DEMs to massive measurement points (eg. Channel data, LIDAR) Detail channel data Input data Terrain

46. Terrain data view in ArcCatalog Measurement Points Channel Boundary Profile Lines Terrain Points to build terrain All data (points, lines and polygons) are stored in the standard GeoDatabase as featureclasses.

47. Points Lines Surface How does it work Generates required information based on the input data so that subsets from the big database can be retrieved quickly Not all measurement points are used to generate final surface

48. Visualization and Analysis TINs are built on fly for visualization and analyses as the user zooms or pans around the display. Massive datasets are easy to handle & data processing is fast.

49. Summary Ability to store vector based terrain data in the geodatabase. Huge datasets are easy to handle and quick to analyze TINs are be built on fly at different scales (eg. Coarse TIN using little data for entire basin and detailed TIN for channel using measurement points)

51. National Water Information System Web access to USGS water resources data Arc Hydro NWIS data retrieval tool

52. TSDateTime FeatureID TSType TSValue Arc Hydro Time Series Object

53. Streamflow Time Series Arc Hydro Time Series Table

54. Time Series Extracted to Excel (In Excel, use Data/Get External Data to query Geodatabase) Geodatabase view Excel view

56. HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data Average area = 14.5 km 2

57. Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data 1 hour Nexard Rainfall on the Guadalupe Basin October 13, 2001

58. Water Balance in the Landscape Atmospheric Water Soil WaterSurface Water Groundwater Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Recharge Baseflow

59. EDNA Catchments Average area = 7.5 km 2

60. Modflow Groundwater Cells Average area = 2.6 km 2 Modflow Model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer

61. Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments Atmospheric Water Soil Water Surface Water Surface Water Balance

62. Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells Atmospheric Water Groundwater Balance

63. Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow Atmospheric Water Soil WaterSurface Water Groundwater

65. Arc Hydro and Modeling Intrinsic Modeling – within a particular application eg Excel, ArcGIS Dynamic Linked Library – tightly coupled package of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC) Independent Modeling – separate hydrologic model with data exchange

66. Dynamic Linked Library Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL Muskingum flow routing

67. Independent Hydrologic Model VB progam reads and writes text files

68. Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Visual Basic ArcGIS Relational Database (Access) Excel Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models

69. Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Visual Basic ArcGIS Relational Database (Access) Excel Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models

70. ArcGIS Development at DHI Extend the ArcGIS Hydro Data ModelExtend the ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

71. DHI TimeSeries Package TimeSeries Package ArchitectureTimeSeries Package Architecture

72. Arc Hydro Tools Version 1.0 Raster processing –DEM processing –Watershed delineation Vector processing –Arc Hydro attributes –Network analysis Time Series and Application Utilities Buttons

73. Lntegration of Hydrologic Data and Models Integration of data, data models, and analyses in a functional system GIS MIKE 21 HMS SWAT WRAP MIKE 11 RAS Other …

74. Integration Issues (direct interfacing) GIS MIKE 21HMS SWAT WRAP MIKE 11 RAS Other … N N * (N - 1) Bi-directional

75. Integration Issues (intermediary interfacing) GIS MIKE 21HMS SWAT WRAP MIKE 11 RAS Other … N 2 * N Bi-directional XML

76. GIS External Data Analysis Package Customizable Export XML Structure Customizable Import XML Structure Import Data as XML Document Export GIS Data as XML Document Import Engine Export Engine Import Export Central Exchange Mechanism XML Import and Export to Arc Hydro

77. What software do you need? ArcView 8.2 –Viewing, querying existing geodatabases –Editing feature classes and adding data Spatial Analyst for ArcGIS –To operate the raster tools in Arc Hydro ArcInfo 8.2 –To build geometric networks and create new relationships

78. Arc Hydro Accomplishments A simple, extensible geodatabase design Scale-independent Strong water resources network model Features integrated through relationships Supported by customized Arc Hydro toolset Integrates geospatial and temporal water resources information Simplifies connection to water resources models

79. Consortium Phase 2: 2002-2005 Goals for 2002-2003 –Add groundwater to Arc Hydro –Define protocol for data exchange with Arc Hydro using XML –Take advantage of ArcGIS version 9 developments (Model builder, schematic network generation, detailed terrain mapping) –Integrated terrain database What do we want to have 3 years from now that we don’t have now?