1. Chapter 15 Section 1: Theories of Evolution

2. Lamarck’ Theory of Evolution Organisms had need/desire to improve Organisms had need/desire to improve Use and disuse Use and disuse Inheritance of acquired characteristics Inheritance of acquired characteristics

3. Charles Darwin – The Trip Charles Darwin: The naturalist Charles Darwin: The naturalist Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands –Climates –Finches –Tortoises

4. Section 15.1 Summary – pages 393-403

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6. Darwin and Modern Evolution Darwin: A brief history Darwin: A brief history Influences on Darwin: Influences on Darwin: –Trip to the Galapagos Islands –Hutton and Lyell (Unifromitarianism) –Thomas Malthus –Alfred Wallace Publication of The Origin of Species - 1859 Publication of The Origin of Species - 1859

7. Darwin’s Application of Malthus –Organisms produce more offspring than can survive –This produces a struggle for existence –Each member has variations –Those with variations that give the organism an advantage will have the best chance for survival = “survival of the fittest ”

8. Darwin’s Theories Descent with Modification Descent with Modification –Common ancestry Modification by Natural Selection Modification by Natural Selection –Fitness –Adaptive advantage –Source of adaptation? –Definition of success

9. Explaining Natural Selection Occurs when organisms with higher fitness survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their traits Occurs when organisms with higher fitness survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their traits Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to survive Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to survive Eventually, population is made up of only those with higher fitness Eventually, population is made up of only those with higher fitness

10. QOD What evidence do we have to support evolution by natural selection?

11. Fossils Definition: Definition: Types: Types: –Mold –Cast –Amber –Frozen –Imprint –Trace –Mineralized

12. To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document. How Fossils Form

13. Distribution of Fossils Location Location –Type of rock –Law of superposition –Stratum/Strata Age Age –Relative age –Absolute age

14. To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document. Fossils in Rock Layers

15. Succession and Biogeography Succession of Forms Succession of Forms –Extinction –Mass extinction Biogeography Biogeography

16. Evidence for Evolution Fossils Fossils Homologous Structures Homologous Structures Analogous Structures Analogous Structures Vestigial Structures Vestigial Structures Embryology Embryology Macromolecules Macromolecules

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18. Analogous structures

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20. Other Forms of Evidence

21. Patterns of Evolution Coevolution Coevolution Convergent evolution Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Divergent evolution –Adaptive radiation –Artificial selection

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23. QOD Where do we see natural selection in action today?

24. Kettlewell and the peppered moth

25. Antibiotic resistance