2. APUSH UNIT 6-2 CHAPTER 19 PAGES 606-624 THE NEW CITY AND POLITICAL MACHINES

3. THE NEW CITY

4. WHAT FED THE NEW METROPOLIS? Steam powered factories Immigration Business (finance and trade) Ports Push and Pull Factors???

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF URBANIZATION DURING THE GILDED AGE Megalopolis. Mass Transit. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions: Inner & outer core New frontier of opportunity for women. Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods.

6. New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

7. GILDED AGE ARCHITECTURE

8. CHICAGO: “THE WINDY CITY”

9. WILLIAM LE BARON JENNEY 1832 – 1907 “Father of the Modern Skyscraper” Central Y.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

10. LOUIS SULLIVAN 1856-1924 The Chicago School of Architecture Form follows function Bayard Building, NYC,1897

11. LOUIS SULLIVAN: CARSON, PIRIE, SCOTT DEPARTMENT STORE, CHICAGO, 1899

12. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT 1869-1959 Allen-Lamb House, 1915 “Prairie School of Architecture” “Organic” Architecture Function follows form

13. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: “FALLING WATERS” 1936

14. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT GLASS SCREENS Prairie Wheat Pattern

15. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, NYC - 1959

16. NEW YORK CITY “GOTHAM”

17. NEW YORK CITY ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: 1870S-1910S The style was less innovative than in Chicago. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC Their buildings became “logos” for their companies. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.

18. WESTERN UNION BUILDING, NYC 1875

19. ST. PATRICK’S CATHEDRAL, NYC 1879 Gothic Revival Style

20. JOHN ROEBLING: THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE 1883 Steel cables allowed such a long span

21. MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE BUILDING, NYC 1893

22. SINGER BUILDING, NYC 1902

23. FLATIRON BUILDING NYC 1902

24. WOOLWORT H BUILDING, NYC 1911

25. GRAND CENTRAL STATION, 1913

26. HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES TENEMENTS

27. DUMBBELL TENEMENT

28. JACOB RIIS Muckraker photographer Published How the Other Half Lives, 1890 Opened Americans’ eyes about issues in poor, urban neighborhoods

29. LIFE IN THE TENEMENTS

31. HOMEWORK

32. MASS TRANSIT WHAT CAUSED MASS TRANSIT TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN CITIES?

33. MASS TRANSIT IN THE INNER-CITY Powered by steam or electricity: Trolleys Elevated Trains Subways The earlier “horse car” on the left and an electric streetcar on the right NYC 1917

34. MASS TRANSIT LEADS TO THE SUBURB Those who were wealthier could live outside the city in a suburban paradise and commute via train to their job in the city

35. ELECTRICITY

36. ELECTRICITY IN URBAN AMERICA Electricity in America was first brought to urban areas Street lamps made the night safer Lit stores and advertisements drew crowds

37. CULTURALLY HOMOGENOUS NEIGHBORHOODS HELPED IMMIGRANTS SETTLE IN

38. MULBERRY STREET – LITTLE ITALY

39. HESTER STREET – JEWISH SECTION

40. 1900 ROSH HASHANAH GREETING CARD Letters from the “Golden Land” were often pull factors that brought new immigrants to America

41. PELL STREET, CHINATOWN, NYC

42. URBAN CULTURE

43. VAUDEVILLE AND NICKELODEONS Accessible entertainment for working and eventually middle class people Vaudevilles continued on with the minstrel show tradition adding other acts as well. They were known for having a wide variety of acts. Here are some examplesexamples Nickelodeons (movies you could see for a nickel) began to replace Vaudeville by the 1910’s

44. RAGTIME AND BLUES Ragtime Came from African American music Steady beat on the bass hand and syncopated, off-beat rhythms with the treble hand Scott Joplin was the most famous composer The Entertainer The Blues African American music from the Mississippi Delta region WC Handy was a well known bandleader St Louis Blues

45. POLITICAL MACHINES

46. TAMMANY HALL The Democratic Political Machine that would control NYC from 1854-1934 Operated through graft Pocketing money or favors from business deals they handed out as those in charge of the city Helped immigrants Jobs, housing, support system There were no social service agencies at the time Most famous leader was “Boss” Tweed Many cities would switch to small city councils and professional city managers to help stop corruption

47. WILLIAM M. “BOSS” TWEED Led Tammany Hall with the “ Tweed Ring” from 1858- 1872 Got anywhere from $25 - $200 million out of NYC – graft, bribery, and fraudulent elections Thomas Nast fought against him with cartoons – even Tweed’s illiterate followers could understand cartoons NY Times got damning evidence in 1871 and released it (even though Tweed offered them $5mill to stay quiet!) Died in jail in 1878

48. THOMAS NAST’S CARTOONS 1871

50. “I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles; my constituents don’t know how to read, but they can’t help seeing them damned pictures!" Boss Tweed