1. Instructions for teachers Print the cards onto sheets of A4, or preferably 6 x 4” index cards. To print on index cards, enter print set up and set the paper size. Shuffle the cards. In groups of three, students sort them into the logical order for an essay This forms the basis of an essay plan which needs to be developed before handing in. psychlotron.org.uk

2. Somatic methods of treating mental illness view it as a biological problem psychlotron.org.uk

3. Chemotherapy involves the use of mind altering drugs psychlotron.org.uk

4. Problems include addiction and psychological dependency psychlotron.org.uk

5. There are four main groups of drugs: Anti-anxiety Anti-depressant Anti- psychotic Anti-manic psychlotron.org.uk

6. Drugs work effectively despite unfortunate side effects which may be unpleasant psychlotron.org.uk

7. Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat a variety of disorders. psychlotron.org.uk

8. Over 11,000 patients were treated this way in England in 1999 psychlotron.org.uk

9. This therapy can be very frightening and result in memory loss psychlotron.org.uk

10. There is limited empirical evidence to support its effectiveness psychlotron.org.uk

11. People have died as a result of this treatment and it appears to shorten life expectancy psychlotron.org.uk

12. We are not sure why this therapy appears to work on some patients. psychlotron.org.uk

13. Normally twelve or more sessions are prescribed for patients before they are considered ‘cured’ psychlotron.org.uk

14. Lobotomy is the severing of the frontal lobes from the hypothalamus psychlotron.org.uk

15. It was freely administered during the 1930s and 1940s, often with an ice pick administered through the eye socket psychlotron.org.uk

16. Results of this treatment are mixed. Some died, but others seemed cured. psychlotron.org.uk

17. It is not routinely administered in modern hospitals, though refinements of techniques mean it still happens psychlotron.org.uk

18. Szasz argues that mental illnesses are often social in origin. Mental illness with a direct medical causation is actually a neurological impairment psychlotron.org.uk

19. Many illnesses run in families which suggests that there may be a strong genetic component psychlotron.org.uk

20. Somatic methods of treatment have worked when other methods have failed people psychlotron.org.uk

21. Many of the supporting studies have been conducted on animals and yet humans are qualitatively very different psychlotron.org.uk