1. Notes on “The Iliad”

2. Important Names Acheans Achilles Myrmidon Patroclous Helen of Troy Menelaus Agamemnon Priam Briseus Chryseis Nestor Hades Dionysus/Apollo Zeus Hephaestus Odysseus

3. Notes Ilium 15,693 lines Epic Poem Homer Influence War… or love?

4. Myths NOT in story: Achilles heel & river styx Trojan Horse Attack Helen’s suitors Agamemnon Sacrifice

5. Truths City of Troy Homer reports history Part myth, part history Heroes were REAL to the Greeks Achilles/Patroclous burial site Ancestry

6. Epic Poem Extraordinary hero charged with quest Quest has obstacles Supernatural element Hero resurrects himself at low point Epic: Long, narrative poem detailing the adventure or journey of a hero.

7. Epic Hero Male Unusual birth Event leads to quest Supernatural help Proves himself Rewarded upon death

8. Epic Conventions Invocation Question Simile Epithet Confrontation In media res Combat

9. Epic Journey Journey is key element in epic cycle 1. questor 2. place to go 3. reason to go 4. challenges/trials 5. real reason

10. Overall “Themes” Fate vs free will Love & hate Pride Pursuit of glory Glory vs. horror Grief & revenge Male-male bonds

11. Homosexuality Paiderastia “boy love” Erastes/Eromenos Masculinity Culture of Ancient Greece

12. Women in Ancient Greece Patriarchy Married young to older men There to bear children Lived with husband’s mother Confined to home Sparta: women were more equal Athens: women were locked away

13. Sex in Ancient Greece Sexual orientation & Gender vs. Social Status Active vs. Passive Masculine vs. Feminine Training of young men included homosexual bonding Pederastic roles in “Iliad”

14. Marriage Ceremony Age Outlawing of homosexuality Mutual Consent Changes in laws and trends Differs between cultures still today

15. Military Training in Ancient Greece Athens: Goal to produce citizens trained in arts and to prepare for both peace and war. Homeschooled until age 6 6-14 attend school; read aloud and memorize Used tablets and rulers Learned Homer & the Lyre Other subjects discretion of teacher (always male) High school for 4 years Went to military school for 2 years (18-20); then graduated Girls didn’t attend school but could study at home

16. Contd. Sparta: Purpose of education was to produce a disciplined marching army! Discipline, self-denial, simplicity Required to have “perfect” bodies. Babies that didn’t pass the test were killed are sent to be a slave (helot). Boys sent off to military school at age 6 or 7. Slept in barracks with other boys. Taught to read and write, but warfare was most important. Training was brutal; they marched without shoes, went without food, etc.

17. Sparta, contd. At age 18-20, boys had to pass a test (fitness, leadership, skill); if they didn’t pass, they’d became perioikas (middle class with no citizenship). If pass, they became a full citizen and Spartan soldier. Not allowed to touch money. Lived in barracks with their “brotherhood” (even if married). Could “retire” at age 60 and go to live with their families. Girls were also educated and sent to live with their “sisterhood”. If she passed a physical fitness test at 18, she’d be assigned a husband. If not, she’d become perioikas. Spartan women had freedom to leave the home.

18. War, contd. While the varying city-states of Greece were often fighting each other, they’d often form LEAGUES– alliances. There were many wars, but the 4 main ones were: Trojan War, Persian, Peloponnesian, and Alexander’s Campaigns.

19. Text Discussion We will discuss the text in class. These notes will only be in lecture/discussion form and will not appear online.