1. The Texas Revolution Chapter 8

2. Warm up 11/21/13 Chapter 8 Why did Texans call for a convention in 1836? How was the Texas Declaration of Independence similar to the United States Declaration of Independence In what ways is the Texas Constitution Similar to the US Constitution? Why did the Interim Government have to move so many times?

3. Warm-up December 2, 2013 What advantages did Sam Houston have over Santa Anna before the Battle of San Jacinto? How did Sam Houston prepare his attack on the day of the battle? Why was the Mexican Army unable to repel the Texan attack? Why was the Texan Victory at San Jacinto important?

4. Warm-up December 3, 2013 How did Americans help Texas during the revolution? Why was President Andrew Jackson unable to add Texas as a state? What did Santa Anna agree to do in the secret Treaty of Velasco?

5. December 4, 2013 Why did the Texas Government want Santa Anna to sign a secret treaty as well as the public Treaty of Velasco? Why did Mexico refuse to approve the Treaties of Velasco? Why did the US not add Texas to the Union?

6. American Revolution Texas Revolution Great Britain originally left the colonists alone Mexico originally left the settlers alone The colonists began to develop the colonies largely on their own The settlers began to develop Texas largely on their on Great Britain feared losing control over the colonies and cracked down Mexico feared losing control over Texas and cracked down The goals of the colonists changed over time The goals of the settlers changed over time King George III denied the colonist Santa Anna denied the settlers their rights Similarities Between the Texas and American Revolution

7. The General Councils Meeting: The Convention of 1836 was called to set up a permanent government. On February 1, 1836 the people voted for 59 delegates to attend a convention. The Convention acted quickly because Santa Anna was only 150 miles away. The next day, delegates approved the Texas Declaration of Independence written mostly by George Childress. 2

8. The Texas Declaration of Independence: was based on the U.S. Declaration of Independence. It explained the reasons the delegates wanted to be free of Mexico. the reasons the delegates wanted to be free of Mexico. explained that Mexico had not protected the rights of people in TX. explained that Mexico had not protected the rights of people in TX. that Texans had no voice in their government and the courts were not fair. that Texans had no voice in their government and the courts were not fair. 3

9. The Texas Constitution: It was based on the Constitution of the US. The government had 3 parts or branches. The government had 3 parts or branches. The president served as the chief executive. The president served as the chief executive. The president had broad powers & led the army. The president had broad powers & led the army. The legislative branch was bicameral, having 2 houses (Senate & House of Representatives). The legislative branch was bicameral, having 2 houses (Senate & House of Representatives). There were several layers of courts for the judicial branch. There were several layers of courts for the judicial branch. It had a system of checks and balances. It had a system of checks and balances. Voting rights for white males only. Voting rights for white males only. There was a Bill of Rights. There was a Bill of Rights. 4

10. The differences between the TX and US Constitutions:  TX was a unitary state (cannot be divided further).  The U.S. had a Federal System where the states and the national gov’t share the power.  The TX president was elected by popular vote.  The U.S. president was elected by electoral votes.  The TX president can serve 3 years and cannot hold office 2 terms in a row.  The U.S. president can serve 4 years and can serve 2 terms in a row. The TX Constitution was more difficult to amend; slavery was legal; the Catholic clergy could not hold public office positions. 5

11. The Ad Interim Government: The voters at the Convention of 1836 voted to put in place an Ad Interim, or temporary government. They chose David G Burnet to be president, Lorenzo de Zavala as Vice president, Bailey Hardeman as Secretary of Treasury & of State, & Thomas Rusk as Secretary of War. Sam Houston was chosen to lead the Army. The new government was soon under attack. The men quickly left for Harrisburg, then to Galveston Island. 6

12. Sam Houston: born in 1793 in Virginia moved to Tennessee at 13 little schooling lived with the Cherokee Indians for a few years. fought in the War of 1812 and became an adjutant (officer who assists the commanding officer). spent 2 terms in Congress, 1 term as governor of Tennessee, and was a protégé (a person who receives support from another person) of Andrew Jackson. leader of the Texas Army. 7

13. Santa Anna: born in 1794 in the province of Vera Cruz from a working-class family. had little schooling. joined the army at 16. fought for Mexican independence in 1821. became the national hero by beating the Spanish forces. was the Governor of Vera Cruz. President of Mexico in 1832 but changed his political position to become the ruler or dictator of Mexico. led the Mexican Army. 8

14. Before the Battle of San Jacinto: In March of 1836, Santa Anna was moving through TX quickly. Many of the Texans fled to avoid conflict. He thought Houston ’s army had fled to Louisiana. So, he and his men went south towards San Felipe. Houston’s army was moving north of San Felipe Houston’s army was moving north of San Felipe to find a safe spot to regroup and train his men. He received 2 cannons from the citizens of Cincinnati Ohio that they named the “Twin Sisters”. Santa Anna arrived in San Felipe on April 7 th believing the war was over. He sent a group of his best 1,000 soldiers to Harrisburg to capture the TX gov’t, but he just missed them. He burned down the town instead. 9

15. Meanwhile, Erastus “Deaf” Smith captured a Mexican courier (a messenger sent on an urgent mission) intercepting Santa Anna’s plans for his army. Houston knew it was time to make his move. The TX army took up a position on the San Jacinto River, at the Buffalo Bayou. The Mexican army heard of the Texans plans and they moved to the banks of Buffalo Bayou. There the 2 groups had a skirmish (a brief fight between small forces). The Mexican army pulled back into the woods and spent the whole night building wooden and spent the whole night building wooden barriers to protect themselves from the Texans. 10

16. Preparing for the Battle of San Jacinto: On April 21 st 500 more soldiers joined Santa Anna and his men giving him 1,300 men. Houston ordered Vince’s bridge to be burned (by Deaf Smith) so that no one could get across the river. No reinforcements or retreat for either side. At noon, Houston called together a War Council to decide the next move. Attack the Mexican army that afternoon with their 900 men was the plan. Houston ’s men formed a battle line at 3:30. Santa Anna could not see the Texans getting ready for battle. Thinking they would not attack in the middle of the afternoon, he let his soldiers take a siesta (brief rest.) 11

17. The Battle of San Jacinto: Santa Anna was surprised by the attack. Texans attacked shouting, “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember Goliad!” The Texans entered the Mexican camp firing their cannons and guns. Many of the resting Mexicans were killed, others surrendered, or tried to run away. Houston was wounded and Santa Anna escaped. Another Mexican army official surrendered the Mexican army. The next day, the Texans captured Santa Anna and brought him to Houston. He did not execute Santa Anna. He was better alive than dead. Houston forced Santa Anna to withdraw his troops from TX. 12

18. How America felt about Texas: How America felt about Texas: Most people in the US were happy for the Texas. The people in the S & W hoped TX would join the U.S. They believed in Manifest Destiny (the idea that the US was fated to expand to the Pacific Ocean.) People in the N did not want to add another slave state to the US. Also the US had agreed not to seek land W of the Sabine River. 13

19. Support comes from America: While the war was going on in TX SFA, William Wharton & Branch Archer came to the U.S. to seek help. Banks and businesses lent money to support the fight. $100,000 was given in institutional loans. Private citizens gave $25,000. Other people sent supplies, food and clothing to Texas to help out. Some Americans even went to join the fight. 14

20. The Treaties of Velasco: The president of TX Burnet & Santa Anna worked together to negotiate a peace treaty. They signed 2 treaties of Velasco on May 14, 1836. One was for the world to see, the other a secret. The treaty stated:  The war was over.  MX must withdraw from TX and never attack TX again.  The Mexican army was to retreat South of the Rio Grande River.  Each side was to release all prisoners captured in the war. 15

21. The Secret Treaty of Velasco: Burnet agreed to release Santa Anna after the things in the treaty were done. Santa Anna pledged that MX would never again invade TX and recognize TX as independent. He signed a trade agreement with TX & set the Rio Grande as the border. set the Rio Grande as the border. Many Texans did not want to let Santa Anna go and he was afraid he would have to renege, or back out of the agreement. But they decide to let Santa Anna go. The Mexican gov’t would not honor the treaties because Santa Anna was a prisoner at the time. MX refused to honor either treaty and refused to grant TX independence. There was no set boundary between the 2 areas. There was peace, but it was an uneasy one. 16